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Respiration Summary Notes £5.49   Add to cart
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  5. A Level Biology
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  7. Unit 5 - Energy transfers in and between organisms

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Respiration Summary Notes

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These notes include all the key processes including any diagrams of how the processes work and explains aerobic respiration in detail. Also there are mathematical information with formulas needed to know for the exam.

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  • June 22, 2024
  • 6
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary

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I

, Coenzymes used in respiration

NAD/FAD

·
molecules are denydrogenated (hydrogen atoms are removed) from the substrate + carried .
by NAD/FAD



S
NAD + H NADH /reduced NAD
NAD + -AD have a reducing
power Add proton molecules
.




FAR + H -
FADH2 (reduced FAD)

·
Both NAD + FAD are hydrogen carriers FAD Is not involved in aerobic
-
respiration.

Coenzyme A


carries acetate molecules , made from pyruvate during the link reaction , onto Kreps cycles, only
·




Involved Inderobic respiration .

substrate level phosphorylation

Def . Direct transfer of phosphate from one Molecule of ATP

Some ATP
·
produced in aerobic respiration is produced by substrate level phosphorylation .




·
all ATP produced in anaerobic respiration is produced by substrate level phosphorylation.
substrate level phosphorylation
XP + ADD -
X + ATP

Glycolysis
Stage 1

activation of glucose
:
Phosphorylation

by phosphorylation
↳
stored as glycogen stores (speetal muscles glycogen , f a
comesfromeatingcarbohydrates
-




,


· incose
I
↑ stable Molecule




ATP
↓
ATP
↓ lydrolysis OfAT
ADP + Pi ADD + Pl




Cnexose 3 pp
bisphosphate
glucose made more
reaction ,
more unstable
ATP Used = 2




Stage 2 : Oxidation


Splitting of -
3 carbon Triose phosphate
.




2
phosphorylated hass carbons each with a
nexose sugar Phosphate .
lon
P P
reduced NADH produced

2
2


&
t Triose
NAD-A NADH phosphate NAD" NADH
hydrogen
245 , loses - 2H
ADP Pi ATP


7
+ -
ADP + Pi-ATP
D EHYROGENATION
2) ↓
-ATP produced substrate level
ADD + Pi - ATP ATP Oxidised
ADD + Pi -ATP phosphorylation
Income from
of cells
cytoplasm ↳ comes from cytoplasm .

Of cell
Forms 2x pyruvate
=




* net gain of ATP = 2

↳D2 used
ID 4 -
2 = 2

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