Lecture notes
Food Chains, Food Webs, Genetic Enginnering and Natural Selection
This document provides information about food webs and food chains. Also, about Genetic Enginnering and Natural Selection.
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Food chains/webs:What is a food chain and what is a food web?
- A food chain is a linear sequence of organisms through which
nutrients and energy pass as one organism eats another.
- A food web consists of all the food chains in a single
ecosystem. Each living thing in an ecosystem is part of
multiple food chains. Each food chain is one possible path that
energy and nutrients may take as they move through the
ecosystem
Examples of food webs:
Primary Producers: Autotrophs such as plants, algae, and some
bacteria that convert solar energy into chemical energy through
photosynthesis.
Primary Consumers: Herbivores that eat primary producers.
Secondary Consumers: Carnivores and omnivores that eat primary
consumers.
Tertiary Consumers: Predators that eat secondary consumers.
Quaternary Consumers: Apex predators at the top of the food
chain that eat tertiary consumers.
, Decomposers: Organisms such as bacteria, fungi, and detritivores
that break down dead organic material, returning nutrients to the
environment.
Interactions:
● Predation: One organism feeds on another.
● Herbivory: Consumption of plants by animals.
● Parasitism: One organism lives on or in another organism,
causing it harm.
● Mutualism: Both organisms benefit from the interaction.
● Competition: Organisms vie for the same resources, such as
food or habitat.
What are producers?
They are organisms that make their own food. For example, they
can get energy from chemicals or the sun, and with the help of
water, convert that energy into usable energy in the form of sugar,
or food.
- The most common example of a producer is a plant.
What are primary consumers?
- Primary consumers are herbivores, feeding on plants or
algae.
- Examples of primary consumers are: Caterpillars, insects,
grasshoppers, termites and hummingbirds because they only
eat on autotrophs (plants).
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