EMT: Medications (ALS + BLS)
What class is Ketorolac Tromethamine (Toradol)?
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID, antipyretic)
What is the mechanism of action for Ketorolac Tromethamine (Toradol)?
-potent analgesic (painkiller, doesn't possess any sedative or anxiolytic
(reduce anxiety) activities)
-inhibits prostaglandin synthesis (competitive blocking of enzyme
cyclooxygenase (COX) -> nonselective
-COX-1 and COX-2, which are needed for the conversion of arachidonic
acid to prostaglandins
-COX-2 induced by inflammatory stimuli (target)
What are the indications of Ketorolac Tromethamine (Toradol)?
short-term management of moderate to severe pain
What are the contraindications of Ketorolac Tromethamine (Toradol)?
-NSAID allergy
-pregnancy
-aspirin-sensitive asthma
-renal insufficiency
-known/suspected GI bleed
-known/suspected intracranial bleed
-known peptic ulcer disease (open sores on inside of lining of stomach
and upper SI)
-severe head injury or patients with high risk of bleeding
What are the side effects of Ketorolac Tromethamine (Toradol)?
-drowsiness
-dizziness
-headache
-sedation
-bronchospasm
What is the dosage of Ketorolac Tromethamine (Toradol)? (adults)
30 mg IM or 15 mg IV (no repeat dose)
What is the dosage of Ketorolac Tromethamine (Toradol)? (pediatrics)
none
What is the class for Magnesium Sulfate? (MgSO4)
-Class V antidysrhythmic (unclassified)
-electrolyte
Magnesium is the ____ most plentiful cation of intracellular fluids
2nd
What is the mechanism of action for Magnesium Sulfate?
-depress CNS
-blocks peripheral neuromuscular transmission
-produces anticonvulsant effects (decreases amount of ACh released at
end-plate by motor nerve impulse)
-slows rate of sino-atrial (SA) node impulse formation in myocardium and
prolongs conduction time
-promotes movement of Ca2+, K+, and Na+ in and out of cells and
stabilizes excitable membranes
, What are the indications of Magnesium Sulfate?
-management of torsades de pointes
-severe bronchoconstriction w/ impending respiratory failure
-seizure during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy or in the postpartum
What is torsades de pointes?
-type of ventricular tachycardia (begins in ventricles)
-150-300 bpm
-long QT interval tend to get this, long QT interval and ventricles get an
extra contraction during the time when they are supposed to be getting
ready for the next one
-specific pattern of ventricular tachycardia that looks like twisting points
or peaks on EKG
-inherited or bc of medication
What is pre-eclampsia?
a progression to higher blood pressure (hypotension), increased protein
in the urine (proteinuria, sign of kidney damage), and decreased urine
output (oliguria)
What is eclampsia?
new onset grand mal seizures in women w/ preeclampsia
What are the contraindications of Magnesium Sulfate?
-hypersensitivity
-myocardial damage
-diabetic coma (dangerously high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) or
dangerously low blood sugar (hypoglycemia))
-heart block
-hypermagnesemia
-hypercalcemia
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