68W ALC LPC Exam
Is the study of substances that interact with living organisms through chemical
processes - ANS-pharmacology
Is the science of substances used to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease -
ANS-Medical pharmacology
The reason or conditions for which a particular medication is given - ANS-Indication
The amount of medication given at or within a specified period of time - ANS-Dose
The largest amount of medication either as a single dose or within a period time (such
as 24 hours)
i.e max dose for Tylenol for an otherwise healthy adult is 3000mg - ANS-Maximum
Dose
administering a medication with variable strength, interval, and quantity to achieve and
maintain a desired, observable physiological effect - ANS-Titration
a medical reason to NEVER give a medication - ANS-Absolute Contraindication
a medical reason a med should not be given but may be acceptable in certain
circumstances - ANS-Relative contraindication
hypersensitivity response induced by exposure - ANS-Allergy
an unintended but not surprising consequence of a medication (besides an allergy) -
ANS-Side effect
the desire change in physiology for administering the medication - ANS-Therapeutic
effect
the blood level of a medication required to achieve the therapeutic effect -
ANS-Therapeutic level
the blood level of a medication which will cause tissue damage - ANS-Toxic level
,When medication is at its highest concentration - ANS-Peak
the lowest blood level of a medication between doses - ANS-Trough
the time for the body to eliminate 1/2 of the dose of medication - ANS-Half-life
a relatively constant blood level of medication which is sustained after 5-6 half-lives of
medication - ANS-Steady State
the body has adapted to having a medication regularly and now requires higher or more
frequent doses to achieve the therapeutic effect - ANS-Tolerance
when infectious organisms adapt to antibiotics or antivirals and it takes either higher
doses of the same medication or a change to a different medication to kill the organisms
- ANS-Resistance
the process of the body to break down and eliminate medications - ANS-Metabolism
the recommended time period between doses of a medication - ANS-Dosing interval
the time until a medication's therapeutic effect begins - ANS-Onset
the time until the medication's therapeutic effect wears off - ANS-Duration of Effect
the length of time a course of medication is continued to ensure the desired effect is
maintained - ANS-Duration of Therapy
All of the limitations, considerations and instructions required, regarding a medication, to
help achieve the desired physiological response while minimizing side effects -
ANS-Dosing parameters
other medical problems which may affect metabolism or may make the patient more
susceptible for a side effect or toxicity - ANS-Comorbidities
medications which kill or inhibit the reproduction of bacteria - ANS-Antibiotics
categorizes bacteria into either a GRAM POSITIVE or GRAM NEGATIVE - ANS-Gram
Stain Testing
usually constant for each dose, but may change - ANS-Strength of medication
, this is usually based on an hourly time interval or a number of times per day -
ANS-Frequency of each dose
indicates the presence of peptidoglycan (is the substance that forms a tough and rigid
cell wall)
retains color of gram stain - ANS-Gram positive
indicates that the cell membrane out structure consists of a cytoplasmic membrane
surrounded by a thin layer of peptidoglycn
does not retain color from gram staining - ANS-Gram negative
bacteria that thrives only in an oxygen environment - ANS-Aerobic
bacteria that only grow well in the absence of oxygen - ANS-Anaerobic
T/F
antibiotics are not effective on virus and fungi - ANS-True
Fungi are living organisms which can reproduce how? - ANS-sexually or asexually
damaging or destructive to liver cells - ANS-hepatotoxic
1. Metabolized in the liver
2. Max dose of 1g given 3 times a day
3. 15mg/kg 4 times a day for children less than 12 years of age - ANS-Acetaminophen
How much Acetaminophen will cause harm to your liver? - ANS-150mg/kg or 7-10g
Is a non-narcotic opioid agonist used for moderate to moderately severe pain -
ANS-Tramadol (Ultram)
Tramadol dosage - ANS-50-100 mg every 4-6 hours not to exceed 400mg daily
What medication has been prohibited for use in combat theaters except in cases of
medical necessity because of concern for worsened hemorrhaging due to its affect on
platelet function - ANS-Aspirin
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