Exam (elaborations)
Health and Social Care - Unit 4.
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- ACI Certification
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- ACI Certification
Health and Social Care - Unit 4.
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Health and Social Care - Unit 4name of red blood cells - correct answer-erythrocytes
name of white blood cells - correct answer-leucocytes
plasma - correct answer-the liquid part of blood. It's mostly water but contains
a weak solution of salts, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, urea, proteins and
fats (55%)
white blood cells - correct answer-involved in the immune system - help
destroy bacteria (<1%). It consists of Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, and
Monocytes
neutrophils - correct answer-B-type cells produce antibodies
Lymphocytes - correct answer-T-type cells destroy viruses and cancer cells
monocytes - correct answer-removes dead cells and bacteria
red blood cells - correct answer-carry oxygen and some carbon dioxide
platelets - correct answer-triggers blood clotting. without it you would bleed to
death (<1%)
lipoproteins - correct answer-proteins that carry elements that cant dissolve in
water, e.g. fats
pathogen - correct answer-disease causing organisms, like bacteria, parasites
and viruses
antigens - correct answer-they form antibodies
antibodies - correct answer-lock onto specific chemicals in the walls of the
bacteria and parasites, immobilising them and making them targets for the
monocytes that then kill them and break them down
coagulation - correct answer-a chain reaction that converts the soluble blood
protein (fibrinogen) into an insoluble form (fibrin), that forms a net structure,
,trapping platelets and erythrocytes to form a clot. this reaction is set off by tiny
cell fragments from the bone marrow, called platelets, are exposed to air or
foreign material
double circulatory system (double pump) - correct answer-the heart pumps
blood through two circuits, the pulmonary and systemic
systemic circuit - correct answer-left side of heart receives oxygenated blood
from lungs and pumps it around the body
pulmonary circuit - correct answer-right side of heart receives deoxygenated
blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs
myogenic - correct answer-the heart muscle is myogenic - it can beat
automatically without stimulation by nerves
cardiac cycle - correct answer-the co-ordinated flow of blood through the
heart. it takes place on average 70 times per minute.
systole - correct answer-ventricles contract, pumping blood out
diastole - correct answer-heart relaxes and the atria fill with blood
the SA node (sino-atrial node) - correct answer-coordinates rhythm of heart
and ensures both atria contract simultaneously by passing an electrical
current through the atria
AV node (atrial-ventricular) - correct answer-at the bottom of the right atrium. it
slows the electrical impulses it receives from the SA node to allow ventricles
to fill with blood
Purkyne fibres - correct answer-carry current down the middle of the ventricles
to the base of the heart. this allows the bottom of the heart to contract first,
resulting in an upwards, squeezing action, forcing blood out into arteries
ECG (electrocardiogram) - correct answer-shows the electrical signal
generated by the SA node as it travels through the atria, the AV node and the
ventricles. electrodes are attached to the chest and fed to a computer screen.
the activity of the heart is shown in waves or spikes
, p wave - correct answer-a small blip - shows the moment when atria are both
contracting
QRS wave - correct answer-a bigger spike after a p wave that shows the
ventricles contracting (systole)
T wave - correct answer-a smaller wave - shows the ventricles relaxing
(diastole)
arteries - correct answer-- carrys oxygenated blood away from the heart
- walls are thick, elastic and muscular as blood is under high pressure
- blood flows in pulses (arteries expand and recoil)
- small internal diameter
capillaries - correct answer-- walls are one cell thick
- they are microscopic
- they surround and interweave between cells and tissues
- they supply tissues with oxygen and nutrients and remove waste products
like carbon dioxide
veins - correct answer-- carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart
- walls are thin with little muscle as blood is under low pressure
- contain valves to prevent backflow
- large internal diameter
- are often between muscles so movements help squeeze blood along
osmosis - correct answer-the movement of water through a semi-permeable
membrane from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated one
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