PORTAGE LEARNING MICROBIOLOGY: MODULE 1 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A+
cell
the smallest, basic biological unit of life
macromolecules
complex molecules that are composed of smaller subunits
4 types of macromolecules
(1) Proteins (2) Nucleic acids (3) Lipids and (...
cell
the smallest, basic biological unit of life
macromolecules
complex molecules that are composed of smaller subunits
4 types of macromolecules
(1) Proteins (2) Nucleic acids (3) Lipids and (4) Polysaccharides
polymer
a large molecule comprised of many smaller subunits
proteins
polymers of amino acids and are the most abundant form of macromolecule
function of proteinsffprot
facilitate the movement of materials in or out of a cell
function of proteins
can act as enzymes that catalyze, or speed up, biochemical processes
function of proteins
play a structural role or enable movement
amino acids
the order and length in which ________________ are assembled give rise to different
protein sizes, structures and functions
primary structure
unique sequence of amino acids
titin
33k amino acids, largest known protein
essential amino acids
, 9 amino acids that the human body can't produce—they must instead be taken in from
the environment through other sources (i.e.) the food you eat.
nucleic acids
chemical molecules that carry genetic information within the cell
DNA and RNA
two major types of nucleic acids
DNA
contains a vast amount of hereditary information and is responsible for the inheritable
characteristics of living organisms
RNA
responsible for deciphering the hereditary information in DNA and using it to synthesize
proteins, capable of leaving the nucleu
DNA molecules
coiled and twisted into a highly compact form to fit in the nucleus of the cell
nucleotides
are the building blocks for DNA . There are three parts to it:
Nitrogen base
Deoxyribose (sugar)
Phosphate group
Types of nucleotides
purines and pyrimidines
purine base
adenine or guanine
pyrimidine base
cytosine and thymine
backbone of DNA
sugar and phosphate groups
hydrogen bonding
holds two strands together
ribose
sugar found in RNA
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