PORTAGE LEARNING MICROBIOLOGY EXAM #1 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A+
Microorganism
Single cell (bacteria, archaeons, fungi, protozoa, algae)
Virus
Not living, not considered microorganisms, considered microbes
Microbes
Include microorganisms and viruses, can be advan...
Microorganism
Single cell (bacteria, archaeons, fungi, protozoa, algae)
Virus
Not living, not considered microorganisms, considered microbes
Microbes
Include microorganisms and viruses, can be advantageous or harmful
Cell
Smallest, most basic biological unit of life
All cells are compromised of
Macromolecules (building bloacks)
Four main types of macromolecules found ing cells
Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and polysaccharides
Proteins
Comprised of amino acids, facilitate movement of materials, act as enzymes to speed
up biochemical processes, structural role
Amino Acid
Way proteins are formed by varying combinations, 20 different kinds
Each protein
has its own unique sequence of amino acids
Essential Amino Acids
human body cannot produce them, they must be taken in from the environment through
other sources (food you eat)
Nucleic Acid
chemical molecules that carry genetic information within the cell
, Two types of nucleic acids
DNA and RNA
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid, contains vast amount of hereditary info and is responsible for the
inheritable characteristics of living organisms, made from nucleotides
RNA
ribonucleic acid, responsible for deciphering the hereditary information in DNA and
using it to synthesize proteins
Can DNA and RNA be found in the nucleus?
Yes
Can DNA and RNA leave the nucleus?
Only RNA. DNA is highly compact in the nucleus
Three parts of a nucleotide
Nitrogenous base, sugar called deoxyribose, and a phosphate group
Four kinds of nitrogenous bases
Adenine or guanine (purine bases) and cytosine or thymine (pyrimidine bases)
What forms the backbone of a DNA strand?
Sugar and phosphate
What base protrudes outward from the deoxyribose sugar?
Nitrogenous base
Strands from DNA produce a
double helix (two strands held together by hydrogen bonding)
Adenine and Thymine
Complimentary bases, form two hydrogen bonds
Guanine and Cytosine
Complimentary bases, form three hydrogen bonds
RNA contains the _____ ribose rather than deoxyribose
Sugar
RNA is always ______ stranded
Single
RNA contains bases
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