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The Study of Language Final Exam Review
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The Study of Language Final Exam Review
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The Study of Language Final ExamReview
What is linguistics? - correct answer-the scientific study of (rules or grammar) of the human
language
What can we learn from linguistics? - correct answer-linguists compile descriptive rules
about the way that speakers use language, preforming analysis at the levels of phonetics,
phonology, morphology, syntax, sociolinguistics
What is Phonetics? - correct answer-the speech sounds of a language
What is Phonology? - correct answer-Rules about how sounds combine in a language
What is morphology? - correct answer-rules about how words are formed
What is syntax? - correct answer-rules about how sentences are formed
What is pragmatics? - correct answer-the way language is used in context
What is sociolinguistics? - correct answer-how language changes between communities
What is computational linguistics? - correct answer-computers modeling a language
What is the difference between prescriptive and descriptive approaches to grammar? -
correct answer-Descriptive grammar: linguistic rules compiled from observation of the way
language is actually used by the speakers.
-do not limit what is grammatical; they faithfully describe the way tat actual people speak in
particular contexts.
-linguists study descriptive grammar
Prescriptive grammar: rules about how language should work(according to them)
-prescriptive rules often do not reflect how people actually use language in their daily lives.
What are the 9 design features of language? - correct answer-mode of communication
meaning
pragmatic function
interchangeability
cultural transmission
arbitrariness
discreteness
displacement
productivity/creativity
What is mode of communication?(Design Feature of Language) - correct answer-speaking
or signing
, What is meaning?(Design Feature of Language) - correct answer-What we want to
communicate
What is pragmatic function? (Design Feature of Language) - correct answer-What we want
to do (socialization, asking questions)
What is interchangeability?
(Design Feature of Language) - correct answer-of talkers and hearers(both ways)
What is cultural transmission?
(Design Feature of Language) - correct answer-details learned through experience(born of
emerged into the culture to learn or understand it)
What is arbitrariness? (Design Feature of Language) - correct answer-Arbitrariness: there is
nothing about the forms of linguistic symbols that predicts their meanings (stoplight)
Iconicity: a relationship between the form and the meaning (People walking sign)
-both of them can be ambiguous
Ambiguous: one symbol is associated with more than one meaning
What is discreteness? (Design Feature of Language) - correct answer-utterances are built
up of discrete units that combine to form larger units
-when small units are rearranged, the results in different big units
sounds<morphemes<words<sentences
What is displacement?(Design Feature of Language) - correct answer-language can be used
to talk about things not present in space/time
-ex. hamburger basket on a stick
What is productivity/creativity? (Design Feature of Language) - correct answer-the rules of
language allows us to create and understand an infinite set of utterances that have never
been spoken before
-the cat picked up a gigantic pineapple and danced into the hot air ballon
-allows us to create new words and to use old words in new ways
-onomatopoeia words are more iconic, they sound like the words they are referring to(meow)
How is animal communication different from human language? - correct answer-MOST
HAVE:
-mode of communication
-meaning
-pragmatic function
-interchangeability
SOME HAVE:
-cultural transmission
-Arbitrariness
-Discreteness
NONE HAVE:
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