Goes into detail of As/A level cognitive psychology such as AO1 points in working memory model (Baddeley and Hitch, 1974), multi-store model of memory (Atkinson and Shiffrin, 1968), episodic and semantic memory (Tulving, 1972), and more. Also has enough Ao3 points for each topic.
2.1.1 The working memory model (Baddeley and Hitch, 1974).
What is the working memory model?
Baddeley and Hitch’s (1974) the working memory model is a representation of
the short term memory (STM). It suggests that STM is a dynamic processor of
different types of subunits coordinated by a central decision/making system.
What are the subunits that the short term memory separated into?
-Central executive
-phonological loop
-visuo-spatial sketchpad
-episodic buffer
what is the function of the central executive (CE)?
the CE is an attentional process that has a “supervisory” role. It focuses,
switches and divides our limited attention. it monitors incoming data, makes
decisions and allocates slave subsystems to tasks. the CE has a very limited
processing capacity and does not store information, not even briefly.
2.1 Content 1
, What is the function of the phonological loop (PL)?
One of the slave subsystems is the phonological loop. it deals with auditory
information i.e. sound, including sounds of languages (so encoding is
acoustic). it also preserves the order in which the information arrives.
The PL is subdivided into:
the phonological store, which stores auditory information
the articulatory control system, this process allows maintenances
rehearsal (repeating sounds or words in a “loop” to keep them in the
phonological store, while they are needed.)
the capacity of the loop is believed to be 2 seconds worth of what you can
say.
what is the functions of the visuo-spatial sketchpad (VSS)?
The second slave subunit is the VSS. it can temporary store visual and/or
spatial info when required. for example when someone ask you for directions
you can visualise the route in your VSS. This subsystem also has a limited
capacity, which according to Baddeley (2003) is about 3 to 4 objects.
What is the function of the episodic buffer (EB)?
The third slave subsystem is the EB. This was added to the model in 2001. it is
a temporary store that integrates the acoustic, visual and spatial info that were
processed by the other subsystems. It also maintains a sense of time
sequencing, basically recording events that are happening. It has a limited
capacity of about 4 chunks (Baddeley 2012). it combine info from the other
subsystems with long-term memory and links to wider cognitive processes
such as perception.
evaluate the working memory model:
AO1
-Working memory consists of the central executive, phonological loop and
visuospatial sketchpad.
-The visuospatial sketchpad is a unitary system that deals with all visual and
spatial input.
-The episodic buffer was added to the model in 2001 by Baddeley.
2.1 Content 2
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