Lecture notes
Khrushchev notes
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- Russia 1855-1964
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- AQA
AQA A-level history Russia
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KHRUSHCHEV 1953-64Table of Contents
POWER STRUGGLES FOLLOWING STALIN’S DEATH....................................................................................3
29.03.2023............................................................................................................................................................3
Source..........................................................................................................................................................................................3
Reasons for post-Stalin reform....................................................................................................................................................3
How the concerns of the new leadership informed early actions..............................................................................................3
Consequences of Beria's arrest?.................................................................................................................................................3
Significance of the secret speech................................................................................................................................................3
How Khrushchev maintained his power?....................................................................................................................................5
HOW DID KHRUSHCHEV EMERGE AS THE PREEMINENT POLITICAL FIGURE IN THE POST-STALIN USSR?....6
29.03.2023............................................................................................................................................................6
Source..........................................................................................................................................................................................6
Allocation of roles........................................................................................................................................................................6
Khrushchev’s actions to replace opponents w supporters.........................................................................................................6
Khrushchev’s economic policies..................................................................................................................................................6
Khrushchev’s agricultural policies...............................................................................................................................................6
Malenkov’s challenges & resignation..........................................................................................................................................6
SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, & IDEOLOGICAL REFORM..........................................................................................7
30.03.2023............................................................................................................................................................7
Source..........................................................................................................................................................................................7
Social reform................................................................................................................................................................................7
Economic reform.........................................................................................................................................................................7
Agricultural reform......................................................................................................................................................................7
Political reform............................................................................................................................................................................7
The main limits to the effectiveness of the reform process.......................................................................................................8
FOREIGN POLICY.......................................................................................................................................9
29.03.2023............................................................................................................................................................9
Source..........................................................................................................................................................................................9
Summary......................................................................................................................................................................................9
Détente...................................................................................................................................................................................9
Visit to the USA in Sep 1959 – family trip, IBM, Disney..........................................................................................................9
May 1960 Paris Summit – U2 incident (Pilot Gary Powers confessed, cameras, etc)............................................................9
Khrushchev demanded an apology, but none was given.......................................................................................................9
Eisenhower cancelled the visit to the USSR – a gold course was built for nothing...............................................................9
Sep 1960 – Khrushchev banged his shoe on his desk when a Filipino delegate accused Khrushchev of being expansionist.
................................................................................................................................................................................................9
Apr 1961 – space race – Sputnik, USSR was the 1st to reach space........................................................................................9
1961 Bay of Pigs......................................................................................................................................................................9
1962 Cuban missile crisis........................................................................................................................................................9
Peaceful co-existence..................................................................................................................................................................9
What is it?...............................................................................................................................................................................9
Reasons for peaceful co-existence.........................................................................................................................................9
Actions taken..........................................................................................................................................................................9
Maintaining military strength......................................................................................................................................................9
Berlin Wall....................................................................................................................................................................................9
Brain Drain..............................................................................................................................................................................9
Only open boarder..................................................................................................................................................................9
In secret Aug 1961..................................................................................................................................................................9
Cuba.............................................................................................................................................................................................9
China..........................................................................................................................................................................................10
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS ON CH. 13 IMPERIAL AND SOVIET RUSSIA, DAVID CHRISTIAN...........................11
1
, KHRUSHCHEV 1953-64
29.03.2023...........................................................................................................................................................11
Summary of the period..............................................................................................................................................................11
Evidence of success...................................................................................................................................................................11
Evidence of limitations..............................................................................................................................................................11
Khrushchev’s achievements [30] plan.....................................................................................................12
23.04.2023...........................................................................................................................................................12
Question....................................................................................................................................................................................12
Key.............................................................................................................................................................................................12
Interpretations A.......................................................................................................................................................................12
Analysis of A...............................................................................................................................................................................12
Destalinisation & diff roads to socialism = liberalisation......................................................................................................12
Consumer-based economy = better living standards...........................................................................................................12
Interpretations B........................................................................................................................................................................12
Analysis of B...............................................................................................................................................................................13
Economic reforms created complicated bureaucracies but there was some impr.............................................................13
Rash decisions & unpredictability.........................................................................................................................................13
Khrushchev’s achievements [30] essay....................................................................................................14
23.04.2023...........................................................................................................................................................14
Evaluate the interpretations in both of the passages and explain which you think is more convincing as a judgement of
Khrushchev's achievement as leader of the Soviet Union........................................................................................................14
2
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