Exam (elaborations)
XI Botany New Chap 10 Cell Cycle and Cell Division 118 A&R Pairs.
XI Botany New Chap 10 Cell Cycle and Cell Division 118 A&R Pairs.
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XI_Botany_ New Chap-10 CELL CYCLE AND CELL DIVISION (Assertion and Reason Statement Pairs)CELL CYCLE AND CELL DIVISION _ A&R TEST ITEMS
# Incorrect Assertion Incorrect Reason Correct Assertion Correct Reason
INTRODUCTION
Some organisms don't start from a In rare cases, complex organisms like All organisms originate from a single cell. The foundation of life begins with a single
single cell. humans might not originate from a cell, the common origin for all living
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single cell, challenging conventional beings.
wisdom.
Cells do not contribute to the growth Growth in organisms is unrelated to Growth and reproduction are fundamental Cells exhibit these traits through division,
of organisms. cell division, and cells merely exist characteristics of cells and living contributing to the growth and
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without any growth-related organisms. propagation of organisms.
involvement.
Cell division never results in two Cell division is a process that leads to Cells reproduce through division, resulting Cell division is the fundamental process
3 daughter cells. a single daughter cell, contradicting in two daughter cells. where one cell splits into two, ensuring
the conventional understanding. life continues.
Parental cells can give rise to four or Under specific circumstances, parental Every parental cell gives rise to two This reproductive mechanism generates
more daughter cells during division. cells might produce four or more daughter cells during division. two new cells, perpetuating life's cycle.
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daughter cells during division,
deviating from the usual pattern.
Daughter cells can neither grow nor Once formed, daughter cells remain Newly formed daughter cells have the Their growth and division contribute to
divide. static and cannot undergo any growth ability to grow and divide. organism development and cell
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or division, contrary to typical cellular population.
behavior.
Multicellular organisms always start In most cases, multicellular organisms Cycles of growth and division enable a Repetitive cell division leads to complex
from millions of cells. originate from millions of cells, single cell to give rise to a structure with multicellular organisms originating from a
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dismissing the notion of single-cell millions of cells. single cell.
beginnings.
10.1 CELL CYCLE
Cell division is an optional process in Some organisms can skip cell division Cell division is essential in all living It ensures the formation of progeny cells
7 most living organisms. without adverse effects on genome organisms. with intact genomes, coordinating with
integrity, allowing flexibility. DNA replication and cell growth.
DNA replication can happen at any The cell cycle permits DNA synthesis DNA synthesis occurs during a specific DNA replication is coordinated during the
8 point in the cell cycle. at various stages, ensuring stage in the cell cycle. cell cycle to ensure the correct division
adaptability to changing conditions. and formation of daughter cells.
DNA replication is only completed DNA replication is reserved for the Replicated chromosomes (DNA) are A complex series of events takes place
after cell division. final stages of cell division, ensuring distributed during cell division. during cell division, ensuring the
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genomic stability in the daughter cells. distribution of replicated DNA to daughter
nuclei under genetic control.
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, XI_Botany_ New Chap-10 CELL CYCLE AND CELL DIVISION (Assertion and Reason Statement Pairs)
CELL CYCLE AND CELL DIVISION _ A&R TEST ITEMS
# Incorrect Assertion Incorrect Reason Correct Assertion Correct Reason
Cell growth stops once DNA To prevent genetic instability, cell Cell growth (cytoplasmic increase) is This continuous process ensures the
replication begins. growth is halted during DNA continuous. development of the cell's cytoplasm over
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replication, ensuring chromosome time.
integrity.
The cell cycle primarily focuses on While genome duplication is part of The cell cycle involves the duplication of a It's a sequence of events where a cell
cytoplasmic growth. the cell cycle, its main purpose is to cell's genome. duplicates its genome, synthesizes other
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promote cytoplasmic expansion. cell constituents, and eventually divides
into two daughter cells.
Each process in cell division can Cell division, DNA replication, and cell Coordination of cell division, DNA These processes must occur in a
happen independently. growth are self-sufficient processes, replication, and cell growth is necessary coordinated way to ensure the integrity of
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independently maintaining genome for the correct division and formation of genomes in the progeny cells.
integrity. progeny cells.
10.1.1 Phases of Cell Cycle
The cell cycle is primarily divided into These phases are named "Alpha," The cell cycle is divided into two basic The M Phase represents cell division,
13 four main phases. "Beta," "Gamma," and "Delta," each phases: Interphase and M Phase (Mitosis while interphase is a preparation phase.
with distinct functions. phase).
During interphase, cells are in a state This period is akin to a cell's "sleep Interphase is the phase between two It is the time for cell preparation for
14 of hibernation and do not undergo mode" and is not involved in any successive M phases and involves both cell division.
any activity. growth or replication processes. growth and DNA replication.
The DNA content doubles during the This doubling is essential for cell DNA replication occurs during the S phase, The number of chromosomes remains
15 G1 phase. growth, although the chromosome not G1, resulting in doubled DNA content. constant.
number remains the same.
S phase is the time when cells reduce Cells undergo a process of DNA S phase is when DNA synthesis or This prepares the cell for division.
16 their DNA content. condensation during S phase to replication occurs, doubling the DNA
facilitate mitosis. content.
The interphase constitutes only 50% The M phase actually takes up the In a 24-hour cell cycle, interphase lasts Interphase is significantly longer.
17 of the cell cycle duration. majority of the cell cycle, comprising over 95% of the time, with cell division in
75% of the duration. the M phase taking only about an hour.
Cells in G0 are always inactive and These cells remain dormant and will Cells in G0 are typically inactive but may They remain metabolically active but do
18 never divide. never divide under any circumstances. divide if needed, depending on the not proliferate unless necessary.
organism's requirement.
Mitotic cell division mainly occurs in Unlike plants, animal mitosis primarily In animals, mitotic cell division is mainly Few exceptions exist where haploid cells
19 haploid cells in animals. happens in haploid cells. seen in diploid somatic cells. divide by mitosis, such as male honey
bees.
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