Exam (elaborations)
Chapter 38_ Antibiotics part 1
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Chapter 38_ Antibiotics part 1
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Chapter 38: Antibiotics part 1A patient is prescribed demeclocycline for the treatment of a respiratory infection. What
instruction does the nurse give to the patient to ensure safe and effective administration of
the drug?
"Avoid eating high-protein foods."
"Avoid eating high-calorie foods."
"Avoid eating low-carbohydrate foods."
"Avoid the consumption of dairy products. - correct answer-Avoid the consumption of dairy
products.
Food-drug interaction occurs between demeclocycline and dairy products, which results in
decreased gastrointestinal absorption of demeclocycline.
The nurse works in a medical-surgical unit. Which patients should the nurse monitor for
atypical signs of infection?
A 30-year-old patient with fractured tibia
A 78-year-old patient with urinary incontinence
A 40-year-old patient with coronary artery disease
A 35-year-old patient who underwent a renal transplant
A 55-year-old patient who received radiation therapy for lung cancer - correct answer-A
78-year-old patient with urinary incontinence
A 35-year-old patient who underwent a renal transplant
A 55-year-old patient who received radiation therapy for lung cancer
Infections usually manifest as fever, chills, sweat, pain, weakness, redness, and swelling.
These manifestations indicate that the immune system is actively responding against
invading microorganisms. People with dysfunctional immune systems may not be able to
mount an immune response and may lack the typical signs and symptoms of infection. The
78-year-old patient with urinary incontinence may have lowered immune function due to age
and may not manifest the typical signs and symptoms of infection. The 35-year-old patient
who underwent a renal transplant will be receiving immunosuppressant drugs and will have
compromised immune function. The 55-year-old patient who received radiation therapy for
lung cancer may have reduced immune function and may not manifest the usual signs of
,infection. The 30-year-old patient with fractured tibia and the 40-year-old patient with
coronary artery disease may have functional immune systems and typical signs of infection.
Which antibiotics are safest for the nurse to administer to children?
Macrolides
Quinolones
Tetracyclines
Sulfonamides - correct answer-Macrolides
Macrolide antibiotics are safe for children because they do not produce severe side effects.
Quinolone, tetracycline, and sulfonamide antibiotics are not safe for children. Quinolone
antibiotics have adverse effects on bone or cartilage development in children. Tetracycline
antibiotics adversely affect the development of teeth or bones in children. Sulfonamide
antibiotics displace bilirubin from albumin and precipitate kernicterus (hyperbilirubinemia) in
children.
The nurse is caring for a patient who has a urinary tract infection and is being treated with
sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SMZ-TMP). Which findings does the nurse report to the
primary health care provider to prevent complications? .
Diarrhea
Yellowish eyes
Blood in the urine
Shortness of breath
Change in the color of the sputum - correct answer-Diarrhea
Blood in the urine
Shortness of breath
Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SMZ-TMP) is a sulfonamide antibiotic. The nurse should
monitor the patient for diarrhea, blood in the urine, and shortness of breath. These
symptoms indicate an adverse reaction to the drug. Hepatotoxicity is a possibility with
sulfonamides.
A patient is prescribed azithromycin for the treatment of a respiratory tract infection. Which
parameters need to be assessed in the patient to ensure safe drug administration? .
Skin turgor
, Visual acuity
Liver function
Baseline hearing status
Baseline cardiac function - correct answer-Liver function
Baseline hearing status
Baseline cardiac function
azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic. Liver function is assessed in the patient because
macrolide antibiotics may cause hepatotoxicity and jaundice. The patient's baseline hearing
status should be assessed because the treatment may induce hearing loss and tinnitus. The
patient's baseline cardiac function should be assessed because macrolide antibiotics may
lead to palpitations, chest pain, and electrocardiogram changes in the patient. Macrolide
antibiotics do not affect skin turgor or visual acuity; therefore these parameters need not be
assessed.
The nurse is assessing a patient who has developed watery diarrhea. After checking the
patient's history, the nurse finds that the patient was recently treated with antibiotics. Which
further testing might be needed in this patient?
Sputum test
Acinetobacter test
Clostridium difficile test
Culture and sensitivity test - correct answer-Clostridium difficile test If the patient was
previously treated with antibiotics and developed watery diarrhea, then the patient needs to
be tested for Clostridium difficile infection. If the result of this test is positive, then the patient
needs to be treated for a serious superinfection. Infections with C. difficile are increasingly
becoming resistant to standard therapy. Watery diarrhea is a common symptom of C. difficile
infection.
The patient has been ordered azithromycin and asks the nurse why the medication does not
have to be taken as often as other antibiotics that have previously been ordered. What is the
nurse's best response?
"You'll need to ask your health care provider questions like that."
"I'll call the pharmacy and ask about the chemical makeup of the drug."
"This is a much more effective drug than what you received previously."
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