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Chapter_24_Study_Guide
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- Captains Career Course Module 5 Post Test 2
Chapter_24_Study_Guide
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BIO 205 Chapter 24 Study Guide – Diseases of the Respiratory SystemTerms to know:
Upper respiratory structures:
Nose, pharynx, middle ear, and Eustachian tubes
Saliva and tears protect mucosal surfaces
Lower respiratory structures:
Larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, and alveoli
Ciliary escalator moves particles toward the throat via ciliary action
Alveolar macrophages destroy microorganisms in the lungs
Respiratory mucus protects mucosal surfaces
Pharyngitis:
Sore throat
Laryngitis:
Inflammation of the larynx
Tonsillitis
Inflammation of the tonsils
Sinusitis
Inflammation of the sinus
Self-limiting, meaning it usually can heal itself
Epiglottitis
Most life-threatening disease of the upper respiratory system
A.URTs
1. Streptococcal pharyngitis (sore throat)
a. Organism? Streptococcus pyogenes
b. Virulence factors:
- Resistant to phagocytosis
- Streptokinases lyse clots
- Streptolysins are cytotoxic
c. Local inflammation, fever, tonsillitis, enlarged lymph nodes
d. Diagnosis by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) tests
2. Scarlet Fever
a. Organism? Streptococcus pyogenes
b. Symptoms Pinkish-red skin rash and a high fever
c. Treatment? Antibiotic therapy
3. Diphtheria
a. Organism? Corynebacterium diptheriae, gram positive rod, pleomorphic
b. Symptoms? Forms a tough grayish membrane in the throat, fibrin and dead tissue, blocks
passage of air to the lungs
c. Cutaneous diphtheria: Forms skin ulcer
d. Vaccine? Prevented by DTaP vaccine—diphtheria toxoid
B. LRTs
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