Exam (elaborations)
2 Community Health Ch. 7
- Module
- Ch1 Nursing.
- Institution
- Ch1 Nursing.
2 Community Health Ch. 7
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2 Community Health Ch. 7Health Planning - correct answer-Essential component of Community Health Nursing
Health Education - correct answer-At the group level, the primary goal of health planning
may be ___
Population and disease prevention or environmental hazard control - correct answer-At the
community level, the primary goal of health planning may be ___
Direct care or self-care responsibilities - correct answer-Individual/family health planning
focuses on:
Community as client - correct answer-Direct clinical care can be a part of population-focused
community health practice
Lilian Wald's work at New York City's Henry Street settlement in the late 1800's exemplifies
this concept.
Community - correct answer-The nurse can use __ information to help him or her
understand individual and family health problems and improve their health status.
- Time consuming
- Requires community involvement and resources
- May work with individuals, but goal is to improve health of the population - correct
answer-Elements of health planning
- Extensive or limited opportunity for nursing involvement
- Possibilities for health intervention
- Personal interests and strengths - correct answer-Choice of aggregate:
1. expressed needs (expressed by behavior)
2. normative needs (lack, deficit, or inadequacy as determined by expert health
professionals)
3. perceived needs (wants and preferences)
4. relative needs (gap showing health disparities between the advantaged and
disadvantaged) - correct answer-Four types of needs to assess
Health Planning Model - correct answer-Aims to improve aggregate health and applies the
nursing process to the larger aggregate within a systems framework.
Based on Hogue's group intervention model in need of a population focus
Assessment → Planning → Intervention → Evaluation
Assessment - correct answer-Specify the aggregate level for study
, Meet with group leaders of aggregate to clarify mutual expectations
Determine sociodemographic characteristics
Interview a key informant
Consider both positive and negative factors
Compare the aggregate with the "norm"
Research potential problems
Identify health problems and needs
Prioritize the identified problems and needs to create an effective plan
key informant - correct answer-Is a formal or informal leader in the community who provides
data that are informed by his or her personal knowledge and experience with the community.
Systems Theory - correct answer-Theory that describes the interconnected elements of a
system in which a change in one element affects all of the other elements.
Community involvement is essential - correct answer-"Start where the people are!"
1. Interpersonal (personal empowerment)
2. Intragroup (small group development)
3. Intergroup (community)
4. Interorganizational (coalition building)
5. Political action - correct answer-5 spheres of empowerment (Labonte)
A multilevel empowerment model allows us to consider both macro-level and micro-level
forces that combine to create both health and disease.
Goals - correct answer-Where we want to be
- Aggregate preferences
- Number of individuals affected by the health problem
- Severity of the health need or problem
- Availability of potential solutions
- Practical considerations such as skills, time, and available resources
May use Maslow's hierarchy of needs (1968) or Leavell and Clark's (1965) levels of
prevention to further refine priorities
Interrelatedness - correct answer-Factors for determining priorities:
Measurable
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