Exam (elaborations)
CRAT Review
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Exam of 8 pages for the course CRAT Prep at CRAT Prep (CRAT Review)
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CRAT ReviewTranstelephonic Monitoring - correct answer-Transmitted over phone to a LICENSED
practitioner to read (magnetic tape), Patients use up to 30 days
Digital Monitoring - correct answer-Transmitted over a computer where report is verified by a
licensed practitioner
Telemedicine monitoring is usually used to evaluate_____________ - correct
answer-Artificial Pacemaker Functioning
Ambulatory Monitor - correct answer-Most common type is holter monitor (continuous or
intermittent-only records when patient has symptoms. Used for dysrhythmias, evaluation
cardic meds, and checking pacemakers-24-48 hrs-up to 30 days
Procedure for applying ambulatory monitor (holter) - correct answer-Educate patient,
equipment gathered and prepared, electrodes placed on chest, equipment hooked up
Procedure for removing - correct answer-before removing, diary must be complete by
patient, then turn off recording, remove electrodes, clean skin, report results
*process is based on type of equipment uses
Functions of common ECG machine - correct answer-3 basic functions are input, signal
processing, output display. Sensors in ECG machine serve as receiving devices for the
electrical activity of the heart.
INPUT-Electrode placed on patients skin direct impulses to ECG instrument, providing the
input. Signal processing happens in ECG machine, output display is the result of processing
and is shown on screen (known as oscilloscope) and/or on ECG tracings. Electronic output
is quickly becoming most common choice for ECG tracings.
ECG machine controls - correct answer-# most common are speed, gain, artifact filter.
also have these controls: LCD display, heart rate limits, standardization, and lead section
Speed control - correct answer-regulates how fast or slow the paper or data run during
procedure. MOST COMMONLY USED: 25 mm/sec
*increasing the speed for example to 50mm/sec will make wave forms appear wider and is
useful if patient heart rate is very fast. if you change the speed you must note on tracing by
circling the setting on tracing and notify the healthcare provider
*speed in measure on a horizontial axis
Gain - correct answer-control on ECG machine that increases or decreases size of ECG
tracing. Normal setting is 10mm/mV. 20mm/V will double size and 5mm/V will reduce size by
half
* NEED TO KNOW mV is a millivolt-unit of measurement to indicate voltage- Voltage is
measures on a vertical axis
, Artifact Filter - correct answer-unwanted marks on ECG tracing caused by something other
than heart activity
*Normal settings is between 40-150Hz, 40 Hz can be used to reduce artifact
3 most common causes of artifact are: - correct answer-Somatic tremor, wandering baseline,
and AC interference
History of ECG - correct answer-1903-Wilhelm Einthoven
ECG graph paper - correct answer-Boxes are 5mm by 5mm and indicate .04 seconds in time
horizontally and .1 mV in voltage vertically
How many seconds are between 3 tick marks on top of ecg paper? - correct answer-6
seconds
EGC PAPER provides measurement for both______ - correct answer-time and voltage.
smallest box =.04 second in time and 1mm or .1mV in voltage
2 large boxes =10mm, which equals 1cm for vertical measurement.
ECG machines must be calibrated - correct answer-so that 1cm=1mV
Center for disease control & Prevention has 2 levels of precautions which are_________ -
correct answer-1. Standard-Hand Hygiene/gloves for blood/body fluids, non-intact skin, and
mucous membranes. For standard wash hands and use gloves
2.Isolation precautions-airborne, droplet, contact For Isolation wash hands, use gloves, and
use personal protective equipment
Ethics - correct answer-standards of behavior/right vs wrong
Laws - correct answer-established by government
Illegal acts are always unethical but unethical acts are not always illegal Chapter 1
HIPPA - correct answer-Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
established in response to information being transmitted electronically Established 1996 past
into law 2003. Patient info can only be shared for patients care. This includes patient
address and phone number. Fines if violate law.
For HIPPA questions keep in mind: - correct answer-HIPPA was enacted to protect the
patient, you need two forms of identification to be sure you have right patient, you need an
order to do test, connect supervisor or follow organization's procedure are usually correct
ansers.
Age to have a routine ECG - correct answer-40
Troubleshooting consent when patient cannot read and/or write - correct answer-Explain
procedure to family member and have them and patient sign or explain the procedure with a
witness present and have witness sign and have patient place an X on form
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