BME 5850 Lecture 1-6
The Vacanti Mouse - ANS-Stuck an ear to a mouse
Characteristics of Tissue Engineering - ANS--Combine living cells and biomaterials
-Utilize living cells as therapeutic or diagnostic reagent
-Generate cells or tissue in vitro or in vivo for therapeutic implantation
-Enabling biomaterials and technologies for any of the above
Approaches to Tissue engineering - ANS-Cell based: transplanting healthy cells to the affected
site
Scaffold-guided: Temporary ECM where implanted cells develop into 'normal' tissue
Bio-active molecule based: Delivery of growth factors and cytokines important to inducing
growth and differentiation of cell; Typically used in combination with other approaches
Approaches to scaffold-guided tissue regeneration
Conduction vs Induction vs Transplanted - ANS-Conduction: Scaffold acts as a barrier to only
allow desirable cells into the site
Induction: Scaffold with bioactive molecule that binds wanted cells to the site to promote
integration
Cell Transplantation: Cells are encapsulated in a scaffold
Challenges to Cell transplants - ANS-Cell sourcing
Cell differentiation: Stem Cells
Cell-Cell interactions/communications required
Cell-ECM communication
Soluble factors needed
Challenges and Critical Issues to Scaffolds - ANS-Material Choice: Nat vs Synth
Pore size to control cell seeding
Degradation rate
Optimization of cell-scaffold interactions
Incorporation of bioactive molecules and release in a spatio-temporal manner
Reproducibility of processing technique
Challenges and Critical Issues to Bioreactors - ANS-Gas and Nutrient exchange
Removal of toxic metabolites
Four major tissue types - ANS-Connective
Epithelial
Muscle
Nervous
Function of Epithelial vs Connective Tissue - ANS-Epithelial Lines cavities and free surface of
body
Connective binds supports and protects the body parts/organs
ECM of Epithelial vs Connective Tissue - ANS-Epithelial ECM located underneath epithelial
layer, called basal lamina
Connective has abundant ECM, cells distributed throughout the ECM
Cellular Interactions of Epithelial vs Connective Tissue
What is unique about Connective cell-cell interactions? - ANS-Epithelial: Cells are tightly bound
together into sheets
Connective: *Direct cell-cell interactions are rare*
Epithelial has epithelial cells, connective has mesenchymal cells
Defining characteristics of stem cells - ANS--A cell of variable potency (number of possible cell
fates) that can undergo self-renewal
-Differentiate into multiple lineages
Telomeres
Initial Length
Shortening length
Instability Length - ANS-Non-coding regions at end of chromosome essential to ensuring
integrity and stability
Initial length *9-11 kbp*
Telomeres shorten *50-200* bp per replication
Chromosome instability and cell replication ceases at *5-7* bp
Telomerase
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