Chapter 14
Solution
A homogenous mixture of two substances
Solvent
The majority component of a solution
Solute
The minority component of a solution
Aqueous solution
A solution in which water acts as the solvent
Solubility
The amount of a substance that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent
Entropy (S)
A thermodynamic function that is proportional to the number of energetically
equivalent ways to arrange the components of a system to achieve a particular state;
a measure of the energy randomization or energy dispersal in a system
Miscible
The ability of two or more substances to be soluble in each other in all proportions
Enthalpy of solution (∆Esoln)
The heat that is emitted or absorbed during a solution formation under conditions of
constant pressure
Heat of hydration (∆Hhydration)
The enthalpy change that occurs when 1 mole of gaseous solute ions is dissolved in
water
Dynamic equilibrium
, The point at which the rate of the reverse reaction of process equals the rate of the
forward reaction or process
Saturated solution
A solution in which the dissolved solute is in dynamic equilibrium with any
undissolved solute; any added solute will not dissolve
Unsaturated solution
A solution containing less than the equilibrium amount of solute; any added solute
will dissolve until equilibrium is reached
Supersaturated solution
An unstable solution in which more than the equilibrium amount of solute is dissolved
Recrystallization
A technique used to purify solids in which the solid is put into hot solvent until the
solution is saturated; when the solution cools, the purified solute comes out of
solution
Henry's law
The equation that expresses the relationship between solubility of a gas and
pressure
Dilute solution
A solution that contains a very small amount of solute relative to the amount of
solvent
Concentrated solution
A solution that contains a large amount of solute relative to the amount of solvent
Molarity (M)
A means of expressing solution concentration as the number of moles of solute per
liter of solution
Parts by mass
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