NU 306- Unit 7a- Inflammation
First line of defense - ANS-innate, physical, mechanical, and biochemical barriers (skin,
eyelashes, mucous membranes)
Second line of defense - ANS-inflammatory response (always acts the same, nonspecific,
vasodilation, phagocytes)
Third line of defense - ANS-adaptive, specific immunity, immune response
What is predominant in acute inflammation? - ANS-neutrophils
What is predominant in chronic inflammation? - ANS-lymphocytes, macrophages, and
monocytes
Neutrophils - ANS-type of white blood cell that engulfs microbes by phagocytosis, arrives early
to site of inflammation, doesn't live long then adds to debris
Lymphocytes - ANS-type of white blood cell that make antibodies to fight off infections
Macrophages - ANS-Found within the lymph nodes, they are phagocytes that destroy bacteria,
cancer cells, and other foreign matter in the lymphatic stream
Goals of inflammation - ANS-increase blood flow to sire, increase healing cells at site, prepare
for tissue repair
Cardinal signs - ANS-redness, warmth, swelling, pain, loss of function
Vascular response - ANS-increase blood flow to site of an injury: vasodilation, cap permeability
by chemical mediators
Mast cells - ANS-little bags of granules, stationed in connective tissue close to vessels,
degranulation- release histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins
Histamine - ANS-Chemical stored in mast cells that triggers dilation and increased permeability
of capillaries.
H1 receptors - ANS-histamine receptors responsible for allergic symptoms, found in smooth
muscles of bronchi, pro-inflammatory
H2 receptors - ANS-anti-inflammatory, found in the parietal cells in stomach mucosa and induce
gastric acid secretion
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