Sunburn; Leaves skin pink or red; Dry; Painful; Slight edema; entire dermis & variable portions
of the dermis layer of skin are destroyed - ANS-Superficial Partial-Thickness
Injury to deeper portions of the dermis; Painful (sensitive to touch and cold air); appears red or
white, weeps fluid, blisters present; hair follicles intact; very edematous; blanching following by
capillary refill; heals without surgical intervention, usually doesn't scar - ANS-Deep
Partial-Thickness
Involves total destruction of dermis & epidermis; Skin can't regenerate; Requires skin grafting;
Underlying tissue (fat, fascia, tendon, bone) may be involved; Wound appears dry & leathery as
eschar develops; Painless - ANS-Full-Thickness
Rule of Nines - ANS-9% Head & Neck
9% Each Arm
18% Anterior Chest
18% Posterior Chest
18% Each Leg
1% Perineal area
Pathophysiology of Burns - ANS-Caused by a transfer of energy from a heat source to the body
EX: Thermal (includes electrical)
Radiation
Chemical
Burns less than 25% TBSA produce primarily a local response
Burns more than 25% produce a local & systemic response & are considered major burns
Systemic response includes release of cytokines & other mediators into the systemic circulation
Fluid shifts & results in decreased tissue perfusion & organ dysfunction - ANS-Physiologic
Changes with Burns
Effects of Major Burn Injuries - ANS-Fluid & electrolyte shifts; Cardiovascular effects; Pulmonary
injury (Upper airway, Inhalation below the glottis, Carbon monoxide poisoning, Restrictive
defects); Renal & GI alterations; Immunologic alterations; Effect upon thermoregulation
Phases of Burn Injury - ANS-Emergent or Resuscitative Phase
Acute or Intermediate Phase
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