The rural economy of India is a significant contributor to the overall economy of the country. It is primarily agrarian, with agriculture being the main occupation for a majority of the rural population. The rural economy is also supported by allied sectors such as animal husbandry, dairy farming, ...
The rural economy of India is a complex and diverse system that
encompasses a wide range of activities, including agriculture, livestock,
forestry, fisheries, handicrafts, and services. The rural economy plays a crucial
role in the overall development of the country, as it is the primary source of
livelihood for the majority of the population, especially in the hinterland.
Agriculture is the backbone of the rural economy in India, employing more
than half of the workforce and contributing around 16% of the country’s Gross
Domestic Product (GDP). Agriculture is primarily rain-fed, with irrigation
accounting for only one-third of the cultivated land. The major crops grown in
India include rice, wheat, maize, millets, pulses, oilseeds, sugarcane, cotton,
jute, and tea. Agriculture in India is characterized by small and fragmented
landholdings, with more than 85% of farmers owning less than two hectares of
land. This has led to low productivity, subsistence farming, and dependence
on rain-fed agriculture, making farmers vulnerable to weather fluctuations and
price shocks.
The livestock sector is also an integral part of the rural economy in India,
providing employment and income to millions of people. The livestock sector
includes cattle, buffaloes, goats, sheep, pigs, and poultry, among others.
Livestock provides not only milk, meat, and eggs but also manure and draught
power, which are essential for crop production. Livestock is primarily reared by
small and marginal farmers, who use it as a source of income and as a form
of social security in times of crisis.
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