PORTAGE BIOD 152 MODULE 1 UPDATED QUESTION AND ANSWERS 2024/2025
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Module
BIOD 152
Institution
BIOD 152
PORTAGE BIOD 152 MODULE 1 UPDATED QUESTION AND ANSWERS 2024/2025
this is a collection of cell bodies found in the peripheral nervous system
ganglia
This part of the autonomic system accelerates the heart beat and increases breathing rate.
sympathetic nervous system
the dorsal root of a nerve c...
PORTAGE BIOD 152 MODULE 1 UPDATED
QUESTION AND ANSWERS 2024/2025
this is a collection of cell bodies found in the peripheral nervous system
ganglia
This part of the autonomic system accelerates the heart beat and increases
breathing rate.
sympathetic nervous system
the dorsal root of a nerve contains what type of neurons?
sensory/ afferent
this part of a neuron conducts nerve impulses towards the cell body
dendrites
A neuron going to the bicep of the forearm is part of the:
central nervous system and autonomic nervous system
the neuron pictured below is best described as
bipolar
T/F: neurons do not physically touch one another
true
describe the function and release of neurotransmitters
-neurotransmitters are chemicals stored inside secretory vesicles (axon terminal
vesicles) at the end of the axon terminals
-when neurotransmitters are released by the axon terminal vesicles, they carry the
transmission of the nerve impulse from one neuron to another
an afferent neuron carries information:
From the peripheral to the central nervous system
a postsynaptic neuron would be found:
after the synapse
what is the location and function of satellite cells?
-PNS
-regulation of environment of neuron cell bodies
a patient's thumb was severed in a cooking accident and then reattached during
surgery. would the patient be expected to regrow axons in their thumb? why or
why not
yes; PNS nerves can regenerate the length of the axon through axonal regeneration
because of the growth of Schwann cells ahead of the axon
name and describe what is occurring in the neuron cell membrane in section 2 of
the diagram. include the charge of the membrane during this phase
-depolarization: the sodium gates open and sodium rushes into the axon during the
depolarization phase of the action potential
-voltage travels past zero and then on up to +40mV
at rest, a neuron plasma membrane is:
Polarized (around -70mV)
which of the following is false concerning the sodium potassium pump
the overall effect is a negative charge on the outside of the membrane
, T/F: a sensory neuron is signaling the body of a light touch. this means that the
strength of the action potential is weaker than usual. explain your reasoning.
False. there is no variation in the strength of action potentials (it is an all or nothing
response) there is variation in the number and frequency of neurons firing.
which of the following statements is true concerning the neuromuscular junction
The NMJ terminates on a muscle fiber
What prevents continuous stimulation of a nerve synapse and how is this
accomplished?
the short existence of neurotransmitters in the synapse prevents continuous stimulation.
some synapses contain enzymes that rapidly inactivate neurotransmitters and other
synapses rapidly absorb the neurotransmitter
what neurotransmitter helps regulate emotional responses and muscle tone?
dopamine
T/F: action potentials travel in one direction within the same neuron
true
T/F: reflexes occur slower than a conscious decision to move from the brain
false
In a reflex, the ____________ neuron conducts nerve impulses along a pathway
towards the central nervous system.
sensory/afferent
This part of a reflex is inside the CNS, made up of one or more synapses.
integration center
which of the following statements is false about reflexes?
pulling a hand away from a hot flame is not a reflex; it is entirely voluntary
what is false about the stretch reflex?
The effect of the motor signal is to relax a muscle.
what is true about the flexor withdrawal reflex?
It involves excitatory interneurons.
It involves inhibitory interneurons.
You touch a hot pan when cooking. List out the steps, in detail, of the nervous
pathway of the reflex that occurs. Include any sensory organs involved and the
action of the reflex.
flexor withdrawal reflex:
-pain receptor in skin
-sensory (afferent) neuron through DRG
-interneurons in spinal cord
a) exitatory to biceps
b) inhibitory to biceps
-motor neurons: contract biceps, inhibit triceps
-action: elbow flexion pulls hand away from flame
Botulism is a disease caused by a neurotoxin that interferes with the release of
Acetylcholine. Patients with this disease experience flaccid paralysis, or the
inability to contract their muscles. Explain why this would occur.
the nervous system interacts with the muscular system at the neuromuscular junction.
acetylcholine must be released from the presynaptic motor neuron into the synapse to
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