Summary
Summary AQA Alevel Psychology Forensics Notes
My notes on forensics section of A2 psychology (second year of alevel psychology).
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, Top Down Approach =Behavioural and foor
analytical that is intended to help investigators accurately
3
IASI predict and profile characteristics of unknown criminals
.
American approach
OffENDER PROfILING
>
-
>
- made in 1970s
Offender profilers will offender
>
-
match what is known about the crime and the to a pre-established
typologyItemplate) that the fBI developed
.
-
Then ,
criminals (mainly murderers or rapists) dassified in
are me of 2 categories (organised/disorganised)
the evidence This allows the profilers to generate
al the basis of .
a
probable hypothesis .
I
Organised Disorganised
S
c-
haracteristic
fidence of the crime in little evidence of
planning the crime
>
-
planning
>
-
advance ↳
spontaneous act
>
- Nollitte evidence at
>
-
leaves body on
↳ display
Targets victim leaves dues .
>
-
at the crime scene-messy
.
the crime scene
.
I
Tendstubesocially and
aenerate
socially sexually
-
Tends to be
>
-
and
↑ takes body
from the
incompetent w/ lower than
average
crime scene
intelligence intellig ence
having
.
a
"type" Unemployed
>
-
>
- In a skilled
, professional occupation .
I
CONSTRUCTING
-
AN FBI PROFILE
① Data assimilation -
profiler reviews
wime scone evidence .
② Crime scene dassification (disorganised/organised
③ Grime reconstruction (hypothes is made in terms of sequence of events , behaviour of
victim etc
. )
① profile generation /hypothesis made related to the likely offender- e .
.
g demographic background physical ,
characteristics ,
behaviour etc. )
I
3
I A03
weaknesses
-
crimes limited
-
Only applies to
particular
simplistic approach
:
-
>
-
Too not
crimes that reveal important details about the
disorganised types mutually
-
and are
Organized Suspect (e
.g rape , arson , macabre practices
. -
sadistic
combination of both can be present
exclusive a dissection of the body etc. )Common
torture ,
-
in any murder scene
. offences like burglary destruction of , property
show little about the offender-hence they do
↳ Godwin : Asked investigators to
classify not lend themselves to
profiling
.
· killer w/ high IQ , sexual competence ,
murder in which
committed a spontaneous "naive" approach &
at the crime & static
the victim's body was left >
-
Based on outdated models of personality
.
jcene >
- This
prompted detailed typological system are based
Typology classification
~ on
models .
to be made
serial killers : patterns of behaviours that remain consistent
↳ e .
. Holmes
g
=
4 types of across situations and contexts -
uses old
visionary mission , hedonistic
,
,
fashioned models of personality that sees
power/control
.
behaviour as being driven by stable
different
Keppel + Walter-focused on traits rather than external
motivations of killers than dispositional
be Poor temporal
determining specific types. factors that may changing.
create the approach
validity
.
> to
-
Original sample 36 US killers (25 serial Evidence not supporting disorganised offender
>
- = =
>
- :
willers , 11 =
single double murderers). Canter et all used smallest space analysis to analyse
data from 100 murders in the Us Each case
↳ small sample size unrepresentative - .
not generalis able were examined wh reference to 36 characteristics
↳
used interviews Not sensible to
rely
=
on
of disorganised/organised killers Findings
3
.
self report data (Canters.
suggested evidence of distinct organised
but
w/ no standard set of questions so each
type actdisorganised this undermines -
interview was different and therefore whole
the
classification system as a .
not really comparable .
L may be based on fBI's
subjective interpretation more AO >
-
hence , The approach may
have a scientific basis
.
not
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