Exam (elaborations)
Criminology Unit 5 (1)
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Criminology Unit 5 (1)
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Criminology Unit 5What was the Social Context of the 1950's - correct answer-In the 1950's the dominant
image was of a shared collective interests with consensus on core values, economic
prosperity for everyone, and standards of deviance and conformity that were clear for all to
see.
The social order was monolithic - everyone was dedicated to common goals and had stake
in the status quo.
How did social relations change in the 1960's - correct answer-Consensus was
disintegrating.
Rock and roll a led to leisure based youth culture
Music, fashion, appearance, activities, departed from existing trends.
Deviancy in the youth cultural revolution was perpetrated.
There was a lot of pressure from campaigns for women and lgbtq people to have their rights
acknowledged.
Civil rights campaigns advocating for an equal and free society for black people caused
mass social transformation.
Social division was happening.
There was emphasis on rebellion over passive acceptance and conformity and social life is
not fixed
What does Labelling Theory focus on - correct answer-Focus was of the nature of the
interaction between victim, offender, and criminal justice officials.
The definition of an individual or activity as being criminal depends in who does the labeling
Those with the power to label decide the official designations of crime.
Impact of labelling - correct answer-Stigmatization can occur - the person labeled takes on
the role that is prescribed in the label.
If a person is labeled deviant or criminal it may result in them acting in a manner to fit the
label.
The self-concept and social opportunities of the offender are determined by the labeling
process.
Labeling can create an impetus for similarly labeled people to associate and form delinquent
sub cultures.
How does labelling theory argue the CJS should respond to crime? - correct
answer-Response of the CJS should be to divert further stigmatization, and divert certain
offenders from contact with formal elements of the system.
Less serious offenses should not warrant arrest or court appearance.
Response should be based on non intervention.
The Role of the Self and interpreting symbols - correct answer-Humans role play to take the
role of the other - interaction can occur only because we can attribute the correct meaning of
the symbols (words, gestures, etc.) of the other.
The self plays an active role in deciding how it responds.
, We are collectively involved in structuring reality though signs and symbols that we
interpreted usually in the same way.
Typifications - correct answer-Typifications: the basis of our social interactions - we draw
upon them as in our knowledge to make sense of the world.
Perceptions - interpreting situations - correct answer-Situations are misinterpreted if we
define them incorrectly.
How we collectively define the situation can have consequences for our behavior and
actions.
How other people perceive us has effects on how we behave and see ourselves. Can be
good or bad
Self-fulfilling Prophecy - correct answer-Self-fulfilling prophecy: who i am is determined by
who defined my reality and how this is done. People who are labeled stupid or genius will
respond accordingly.
You internalize the concepts framed for you.
Process of Becoming Your Label - correct answer-1. Negative labeling
2. Stigmatization
3. New identify formed in response to negative label
4. Commitment to new identity based on available roles and relationships.
2 Questions the Broad Interactionist Perspective Asks - correct answer-How do individuals
come to be labeled deviant or criminal?
How do individuals come to be committed to a deviant criminal label and ultimately career?
How is Deviancy Subjective - correct answer-Deviancy is not inherent to our behaviors but
rather conferred upon an individual by society.
Social groups create deviance by making rules and infraction of the rules constitutes
deviance and those rules are applied to certain groups and label them as outsiders.
Becker - groups on the margins of society - correct answer-Becker: consider those on the
margins of society and the key reason they are on the outside is because their particular
behavior is labeled deviant by more powerful groups.
Not inherent to the behavior is deviant, it becomes so through labeling.
2 Reasons Becker's View was important - correct answer-Questioned the nature of
definitions of crime by highlighting the variability of human nature.
Shows crime is a matter of who has the power to label behaviors or individuals as criminal
Lemert - 2 types of deviancy - correct answer-primary deviation and secondary deviation
Primary Deviation - correct answer-initial deviant behavior: most of us at some age engage
in activities that are deviant (underage drinking, petty shoplifting), mostly for social, cultural,
or psychological reasons.
Primary deviance does not fundamentally change one's self-concept and transform the
person's identity.
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