Exam (elaborations)
WJEC Criminology Unit 2.
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WJEC Criminology Unit 2.
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WJEC Criminology Unit 2Actus reus - correct answer-Latin for guilty act
Mens rea - correct answer-Latin for "guilty mind," used in court to prove criminal intent
Explain the following sanctions for criminal behaviour:
- Cautions
- Conditional caution
- Penalty notices
- Custodial sentences
- Community sentences
- Fines
- Discharge
- Combination order - correct answer-- Cautions: The criminal accepts the offence and
agrees to be cautioned.
- Conditional caution: The criminal agrees to conditions, e.g. receiving treatment for drug
abuse.
- Penalty notices: A small fine issued by the police.
- Custodial sentences: Prison
- Community sentences: Doing unpaid work.
- Fines: financial penalties
- Discharge: Can be either conditional or absolute. A discharge is given when a defendant is
technically guilty but morally blameless.
- Combination order: A sentence of the court that combines a probation order and a
community sentence order.
Give examples of crimes in the following categories:
- Fatal offences against the person:
- Non-fatal offences against the person:
- Offences against property:
- Sexual offences:
- Public order offences:
- Drug offences: - correct answer-- Fatal offences against the person: Murder, manslaughter
- Non-fatal offences against the person: Assault, ABH, GBH.
- Offences against property: Theft, robbery, burglary.
, - Sexual offences: Rape, indecent assault.
- Public order offences: Riot, violent disorder.
- Drug offences: Possession of a controlled drug, possession with intent to supply.
Give examples of these three categories of deviance:
- Norms:
- Moral Codes:
- Values: - correct answer-- Norms: e.g. wearing dark colours at a funeral.
- Moral Codes: e.g. cruelty to animals.
- Values: e.g. that we should respect the elderly.
What forms of deviance are there? - correct answer-Admired behaviour: e.g. saving
someone's life.
Odd behaviour
Bad Behaviour
What sanctions are there against deviance? - correct answer-Frowning upon someone's
behaviour
Labelling behaviour
Being ignored
Parents grounding a child
How and why do laws on adultery vary between countries? - correct answer-Adultery is legal
in all European countries but illegal in many countries which operate Islamic law, e.g. Saudi
Arabia, Pakistan.
Reasons why laws vary: religion, status of women.
How and why do laws on honour crime vary between countries? - correct answer-Illegal in
the UK but common in many South Asian families.
They are a custom in some cultures when a woman damages a family's reputation.
How and why do laws on homosexuality vary between countries? - correct answer-Legal in
the UK since 1967. Illegal in countries such as Saudi Arabia, Iran, Yemen, Nigeria.
Religion is a major reason for the difference.
Statute - correct answer-An Act of Parliament
Acquittal - correct answer-Verdict of a court when someone is found Not Guilty.
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