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Unit 5_ Applications of criminology- B_ Crime and Punishment
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Unit 5_ Applications of criminology- B_ Crime and Punishment
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Unit 5: Applications of criminology- B:Crime and Punishment
Situational strategies - correct answer-Focuses on target hardening and target removal of
objects making it more difficult for the offender to commit criminal offences. Such as locking
windows and wages going straight into bank accounts and not cash in hand. Based on right
realism.
Environmental strategies - correct answer-The physical environment and the features within
it have been argued to reduce the fear of crime and contribute to crime reduction. Such as
getting rid of graffiti and zero tolerance policing. Based on right realism.
Community based strategies - correct answer-Community based focuses on developing a
sense of community to reduce the fear of crime and actual crimes. Such as adopting a
multi-agency approach. Based on left realism.
Social based strategies - correct answer-Social focuses on changing the behaviour of
offenders. Such as improving education and youth facilities. Based on left realism.
Private strategies - correct answer-Private crime prevention examples include; private
security firms, gated communities, CCTV. Based on post modernism.
Foucault - correct answer-He is one of the most influential sociological thinkers of the last
half century. One of his key contributions to criminology is his focus on how the nature of
crime control has shifted from using the threat of violence and the fear of being physically
punished to control through surveillance - fear of being seen to be doing something wrong.
Reduction - correct answer-Reduction is preventing the criminal from committing further
crime. This can be done by using punishment as a deterrence, as a form of rehabilitation or
though incapacitation which removes the offender from society to protect the public.
Retribution - correct answer-Retribution is where the individual is punished for what they
have done.
Retributive justice - correct answer-A system of criminal justice based on the punishment of
offenders rather than on rehabilitation. Common in traditional societies and the punishment is
often savage/severe. Based on functionalist approach (Durkheim) as it serves to uphold
social solidarity and reinforce shared values.
Restitutive justice - correct answer-A system of criminal justice based where monies or
services are paid by the offender to the victim, whether directly to the victim or through.
Common in modern societies and the punishment is often to reform the offender/repay
society. Based on functionalist approach (Durkheim) as it serves to uphold social solidarity
and reinforce shared values.
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