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Summary ethnicity and crime aqa sociology
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ETHNICITY & CRIME C&D Ethnicity, racism, and the Criminal Justice SystemPolicing: many allegations of Arrests and cautions- arrest rates for Prosecution & conviction: crown Sentencing & imprisonment-
Ethnicity & Crime Facts: oppressive policing from protection service (CPS) more likely
Black people are 3.6 times higher than immediate custodial sentences
-Official stats based on Info from minority ethnic to drop cases against ethnic
white boys. Once arrested, BAME =less more likely given to Black
police and courts show, in England & communities, e.g., mass stop minorities, evidence presented by
likely to be released after a caution. offenders, whites get trials.
Wales, ppl from some minority ethnic & search, excess police is often weaker and based on
surveillance, armed raids &
Phillip and Bowling: minority ethnic Black and Asian overrepresented
groups more likely to be arrested and stereotyping of ethnic minorities as
deaths in custody. E.g., groups more likely to stay silent and get criminal. Black and Asian in prisons and more likely given
convicted of crime than the white
Stephen Lawrence. arrested for offences they don’t commit. defendants less likely to be guilty. longer sentences.
ethnic community.
-Black population make up 3.1% of Left realism-Lea & Young: RESEARCHER
Neo Marxism: Hall et al:
population in 2011-2012 but make up -Official stats generally accurate, young Black men really Phillip & Bowling
Moral panic in 1970’s Black men and mugging
much higher proportion of those are committing more offences than other groups. (street Tim Newburn
(scapegoats).
stopped and searched, arrested, crimes) have elevated levels of unemployment. Macpherson inquiry
Capitalism in a crisis, hegemony (powerful) used moral
convicted, or sent to prison. (table -Due to the way that people are discriminated against in
Lea & Young
panics to divert attention away from capitalism problems. Gilroy
from 2011/2012-Ministry of Justice). wider society. Black people were victims of capitalism, not more Hall et al
-Asian ethnic groups 5 times more -Utilitarian crime (theft) is a response to material criminals. Webster:
likely to be stopped and searched deprivation, non-utilitarian crime (vandalism) due to Led to Black men being unable to get jobs= more likely to
than whites but otherwise less likely to frustration towards society. (subcultures) turn to crime.
get in trouble with the law than whites. -believe police racism is not the main cause, 90% of Official statistics:
-those of ‘mixed’ ethnicity have crime reported by the public. Black people three
Evaluation:
significantly higher arrest rates than If it were, police would have to be selectively racist
times more likely to be
Downes and rock: Hall et al claim Black men are both arrested than white
whites. against Black people but not to Asian people. more criminal+ less criminal. people.
BAME: Black Asian ethnic minority Evaluation: don’t give evidence or explain that capitalism was the Gov.uk2020-2021
groups are overrepresented in official Outdated: was before 9/11 when rate of Asian crime was problem. 29
criminal statistics. ‘lower’. Black= ,
100
Case study: Stephen Lawrence: Neo Marxism: Gilroy: (reject Lea & Young) Media explanation: media reinforce stereotype that black 11
Asian= ,
-18 yrs. old, Black British teen, southeast ‘Myth of black criminality’=BAME commit no more crime people=criminal may lead to self-fulfilling prophecy. Global 100
Londondeprived area= inadequate than others! Crime rates aren’t higher for them. culture with role models= American rap groups. 3
socialisation racist attack (murder). Black people believe police are racist, acting on stereotypes. Evaluation: doesn’t account for Asian ethnicities after 9/11, Arab= ,
-5 white suspects (gang) 2 arrestedGary treated badly more hate crimes media presented badly. 100
BAME come from former colonies where they resisted
Dobson & David Norris= dad was a ‘drug oppression. When resisted racism in Britain= was 9
White= .
baron’ didn’t care about his kids. 3 cases criminalised. 100job turn
Education explanation: those who perform poorly in ed. Find hard to get a legitimate
were dropped = white ppl likely to get At the time, Asian crime rates not high- police were to illegal jobs e.g., drug trade/ crime due to relative deprivation. Explains why BEM high in crime due
away with crime. put on trial 18 years selectively racist to Black people. to Black males having low levels of achievement.
later, life sentence.
Interethnic: within an ethnic group.
Judge=” crime committed for no other Evaluation: generalises all black ppl turn to crime if they do bad in education.
reason but racial hatred.” Black African ethnicities do higher than average in education but still appear high in crime.
Evaluation:
Tim Newburn= controversy of police and
minority ethnic groups. Good evidence but
-Lea and young criticise- first generation immigrants were Family explanation: New right= growing LPF= inadequate socialisation, children taught incorrect
police failed to prosecute. Macpherson law abiding and unlikely to pass down anti colonial norms and values, not taught that crime is immoral e.g. (David Norris Stephen Lawrence case)
opinions. Black families mostly matriarchal LPF =more likely turn to crime no responsibility.
inquiry= police force was institutionally Webster: Asian families more stable and larger=increased monitoring and responsibility = don’t offend.
racist. -Most crime intra-ethnic can’t be seen as anticolonial.
Evaluation: predetermines all LPF socialise inadequately and too generalising to say only those without
-Gilroy romanticises crime, ignoring harm on victims. male role model turn to crime.
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