Exam (elaborations)
EXPH 386 Exam 5
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Exam of 19 pages for the course EXPH 240- at EXPH 240- (EXPH 386 Exam 5)
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EXPH 386 Exam 5functions of lung - CORRECT ANSWER-gas exchange
filtering blood and air
captures inhaled particles
breakdown vasoactive substances
vocalizations
breakdown vasoactive substances - CORRECT ANSWER-converts angiotensin I
to angiotensin II (angiotensin converting enzyme in lungs)
bradykinin (80% inactivated in long)
serotonin (almost completely removed)
norepinephrine (30% removed)
PGE2 and PGF2 alpha (almost completely removed)
leukotrienes (almost completely removed)
VO2 at rest - CORRECT ANSWER-250 ml/min
VCO2 at rest - CORRECT ANSWER-200 ml/min
ventilation at rest - CORRECT ANSWER-5000 ml/min
cardiac output at rest - CORRECT ANSWER-5000 ml/min
VO2 during exercise - CORRECT ANSWER-3000 ml/min (normal)
6250 ml/min (athletes)
VCO2 during exercise - CORRECT ANSWER-3000 ml/min (normal)
7000 ml/min (athletes)
ventilation during exercise - CORRECT ANSWER->60,000 ml/min
cardiac output during exercise - CORRECT ANSWER-30,000 ml/min
trachea - CORRECT ANSWER-filters and almost completely humidifies air
bronchi - CORRECT ANSWER-serve as primary conduit into each of lungs
,bronchioles - CORRECT ANSWER-conducts inspired air through a winding,
narrow route until it mixes with existing air into alveolar ducts
alveoli - CORRECT ANSWER-provide vital surface for gas exchange between
lung tissue and blood
lobes - CORRECT ANSWER-left lung has 2 lobes (space for heart)
right lung has 3 lobes (upper, middle, lower)
pleural space - CORRECT ANSWER-parietal and visceral linings
thin walled epithelial cells - CORRECT ANSWER-exposed to outside
environment when gas exchange occurs
very think blood-gas barrier for diffusion
pores of kohn - CORRECT ANSWER-allow for even dispersion of surfactant to
lower surface tension and allows gas exchange b/t alveoli
surfactant - CORRECT ANSWER-lowers surface tension at gas-liquid interface
by mixing with fluid around alveoli
surfactant - CORRECT ANSWER-lipoprotein mix of phospholipids, proteins, and
Ca produced by alveolar epithelial cells which disrupts and lowers surface
tension of lung
Fick's law of diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER-explains gas exchange across the
alveolar membrane
alveoli - CORRECT ANSWER-functional unit of lung
Law of laplace - CORRECT ANSWER-P = (4 x T) / r
lungs are highly vascularized.... - CORRECT ANSWER-to allow for gas
exchange
receives entire cardiac output
RBC transit time in lung capillaries is .75 sec
, inspiration - CORRECT ANSWER-diaphragm contracts and moves down ~10 cm
chest cavity elongates and enlarges
air expands in lungs
intrapulmonary pressure DECREASES
air is forced in lungs until Pi=PA
universal gas law - CORRECT ANSWER-PV=nRT simplified to RV=T
Boyles law - CORRECT ANSWER-k =PV
if temperature is constant
expiration - CORRECT ANSWER-at rest and during light exercise: respiratory
muscles are PASSIVE
heavy exercise: respiratory muscles are ACTIVE
expiration - CORRECT ANSWER-inspiratory muscles relax
lung is elastic
internal intercostals - CORRECT ANSWER-assist expiration
external intercostals - CORRECT ANSWER-assist inspiration
normal lung volumes depend on: - CORRECT ANSWER-age
sex
stature
race
tidal volume (TV) - CORRECT ANSWER-volume inspired or expired per breath
0.4-1.0 L air/breath
inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) - CORRECT ANSWER-max inspiration at end
of tidal inspiration
2.5-3.5 L
expiratory reserve volume (ERV) - CORRECT ANSWER-max expiration at end of
tidal expiration
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