Summary
Summary AQA A level psychology memory - anxiety
Summary of 3 pages for the course Memory at AQA (Detailed A01 + A03)
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L8 - eyewitness testimonies anxiety :Anxiety is state of emotional and physical arousal - emotions include overthinking + feelings of
tension
Physical damage - faster heart rate + sweatiness
Anxiety can have a positive / negative impact on recall , results in some contradiction
throughout research
Negative effect on recall (weapon focus) positive effect on recall
causes physiological arousal in body , witnessing stressful event can cause anxiety
preventing us from paying attention to through physiological arousal - triggers flight
important cues = reduces accuracy or fight response, which could lead to better
Presence of weapon = increase anxiety = recall of events as more alert and aware or
miss out detailed information of event cues in situation
Johnson and Scott (1976) yuille and cutshall (1986)
A: whether presence of weapon and A: levels of anxiety impacts the accuracy of
increasing anxiety levels impact recall of the real life shooting five months after incidence
event and if this can make ppts resistance to
P: lab study, ppts were seated in a waiting leading questions
room, to wait for the study to start P: used actual shooting in gun shop in
Two conditions - low anxiety and high anxiety Canada, Vancouver , where shop owner shot
Low anxiety ppts overheard a casual thief to death
conversation and saw a man walk out with a 13/21 witnesses participated - interview 4-5
pen and grease months after shooting + were compared to
High anxiety - ppts overheard heated original police interviews
argument + glass breaking and man walks Field experiment - asked leading questions -
out holding a knife covered in blood more stressed ppts were more resistant
R+C : ppts were asked to pick out the man R+ C : witnesses more accurate in accounts
from a set of 50 photos and little change in amount recalled after five
Low anxiety condition - 47% were correctly months
identify him
High anxiety condition - 33% were to correctly Some details were less accurate e.g.
identify him description of victim / gun owner
Tunnel theory of memory - claims that people Ppts who reported to have higher levels of
have enhanced memory of central event stress were 88%more accurate than those
(Sutherland and Haynes 2011) due to anxiety less stressed 75% accurate
caused by weapon the weapons became the
ppts central event Concluded anxiety doesn’t have detrimental
effect to accuracy of EWT in real life context
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