osteoprogenitor cells correct answers give rise to bone cells, found in perostium/endostium
osteoblasts correct answers synthesizes organic matter of bone which hardens for mineral deposition
osteocytes correct answers homeostatic maintenance for bone density and blood concentration of calciu...
wolffs law correct answers shape of bone is determined by the stress placed upon it and adapts to
withstand the stresses
which hormone is faster estrogen / testosterone? correct answers estrogen
what percent of skeletal tissue is replaced per year correct answers 10%
which hormone is important to many children in calcium regulation? correct answers calcitonin
is bone production turned off after bone is made? correct answers no, metabolically active organ
deposition correct answers also known as mineralization = a crystallization of mainly
hydroxyapatite by releasing Ca/P into the blood stream and deposited into the bone tissue
When does bone deposition begin? correct answers fetal ossification
etopic ossification correct answers when bone forms in brain, eyes, muscle, tissue = abnormal
mineral resorption correct answers process of dissolving bone, job done by osteoclasts, releases
minerals into blood and makes them available for other uses
which bone cell has surface receptors to respond to falling levels of calcium in the tissue fluid?
correct answers osteoclasts
what does the body need to maintain for bone? correct answers calcium/phosphate levels
normal pH of calcium correct answers 9.2-10.4
, is it serious if calcium levels change slightly? correct answers yes, causes hyper/hypocalcemia
Hypercalcemia correct answers excessive amount of Ca+ in body, RARE, increases charge
difference in sodium levels and makes sodium less responsive causing channels to inhibit
opening.
Hypocalcemia correct answers not enough Ca+ in the body, serious effects causes excessive
excitability of the nervous system
what effects does Hypercalcemia have on the body? correct answers emotional disturbances,
muscle weakness, slow reflexes, cardiac arrest
what effects does hypocalcemia have on the body? correct answers tetany, spasms, treaussau's
sign
what is calcium responsible for in body? correct answers pacemaker, communication among
neurons, muscle contraction, blood clotting, exocytosis
what 3 hormones make up calcium homeostasis? correct answers calcitriol, PTH, calcitonin
calcitriol process correct answers form of Vitamin D3, process starts at ultraviolet rays from sun
into epidermis, converting cholesterol to pre-vitamin D3 goes in blood stream through liver,
added hydroxy group in liver, becomes calcidiol goes though kidneys another hydroxy group
added becomes calcitriol
what is the most active form of vitamin D3 correct answers calcitriol
why is calcitriol considered a vitamin?` correct answers because it is added to the diet (mainly in
fortified milk)
function of cacitriol correct answers raise blood calcium concentration in 3 ways
1. stimulate absorption of calcium from small intestine to build bone
2. stimulate osteoclasts to liberate Ca++ into blood
3. reabsorb calcium in kidney to decrease amount of Ca++ lost in the urine
Calcitonin correct answers secreted by C-cells of the thyroid gland, secreted when Ca+ levels are
too high
what is a reason why Ca+ levels would be high and why calcitonin would be released? correct
answers excessive exercise/stress
which hormone for maintenance of calcium levels is most important in children? correct answers
calcitonin
what is the function of calcitonin correct answers lower Ca++ concentration
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