BIO 210 Chapter 2 Learning Outcomes Verified Solutions
1. Define the types of chemical bonds. - Ionic Bond: Involves the transfer of electrons between atoms. - Covalent Bond: Involves the sharing of electrons between atoms.
2. Identify the elements of the body from their symbols. - P (Phosphoru...
BIO 210 Chapter 2 Learning Outcomes Verified Solutions
1. Define the types of chemical bonds.
- Ionic Bond: Involves the transfer of electrons between atoms.
- Covalent Bond: Involves the sharing of electrons between atoms.
2. Identify the elements of the body from their symbols.
- P (Phosphorus), Ca (Calcium), N (Nitrogen), H (Hydrogen), C (Carbon).
3. Distinguish between elements and compounds.
- Elements are substances made up of only one type of atom.
- Compounds consist of two or more different types of atoms chemically bonded together.
4. Explain the basis for radioactivity and the types and hazards of ionizing radiation.
- Radioactivity occurs when unstable atomic nuclei decay and emit radiation.
, - Ionizing radiation, such as alpha, beta, and gamma rays, can cause genetic mutations and cancer due
to its ability to ionize atoms and molecules.
5. State the functions of minerals in the body.
- Minerals constitute about 4% of body weight.
- They are crucial for body structure (e.g., calcium in bones and teeth) and for the function of enzymes.
6. Distinguish between ions, electrolytes, and free radicals.
- Ion: A charged particle (atom or molecule) with unequal numbers of protons and electrons.
- Electrolytes: Substances that ionize in water and can conduct electric current.
- Free radicals: Short-lived particles with an unusual number of electrons, capable of damaging cells.
Hydrogen Bond - Bond with partly positive end of particle with slightly negative end of particle
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