Psych Final Exam
1. Which research method assesses how well one variable predicts another without
demonstrating a cause-effect relationship between the variables?
A) naturalistic observation
B) correlational research
C) the case study
D) the experimental method - CORRECT ANSWER-B correctional research
If participants in the experimental group of a drug treatment study are much younger
than participants in the control group, the age of the research participants is a
A) dependent variable.
B) correlation coefficient.
C) confounding variable.
D) replication. - CORRECT ANSWER-confounding variable
In an experimental study of the impact of exposure to criticism on self-esteem,
exposure to criticism would be the ________ variable.
A) replicated
B) dependent
C) confounding
D) independent - CORRECT ANSWER-independent
Which of the following correlation coefficients expresses the weakest degree of
relationship between two variables?
A) -0.12
B) -0.99
C) +0.25
D) -0.50 - CORRECT ANSWER--0.12
If psychologists discovered that wealthy people are less satisfied with their marriages
than poor people are, this would indicate that wealth and marital satisfaction are
A) causally related.
B) negatively correlated.
C) independent variables.
D) positively correlated. - CORRECT ANSWER-negatively correlated
The biggest danger of relying on case-study evidence is that it
A) is based on naturalistic observation.
B) may be unrepresentative of what is generally true.
C) overestimates the importance of operational definitions.
D) leads us to underestimate the causal relationships between events. - CORRECT
ANSWER-may be unrepresentative of what is generally true
,When you question whether anecdotal evidence can be generalized to all people,
you are most clearly demonstrating
A) overconfidence.
B) hindsight bias.
C) an empirical approach.
D) critical thinking. - CORRECT ANSWER-critical thinking
Professor Lopez believes that severe depression results primarily from an
imbalanced diet and abnormal brain chemistry. Professor Lopez favors a ________
perspective on depression.
A) neuroscience
B) psychodynamic
C) behavior genetics
D) cognitive - CORRECT ANSWER-neuroscience
Which perspective highlights the reproductive advantages of inherited psychological
traits?
A) evolutionary
B) cognitive
C) behavioral
D) social-cultural - CORRECT ANSWER-evolutionary
Mrs. Alfieri believes that her husband's angry outbursts against her result from his
unconscious hatred of his own mother. Mrs. Alfieri is looking at her husband's
behavior from a(n) ________ perspective.
A) evolutionary
B) behavioral
C) psychodynamic
D) behavior genetics - CORRECT ANSWER-psychodynamic
Discovering and promoting human strengths and virtues that help individuals and
communities to thrive is the major focus of
A) the psychodynamic perspective.
B) positive psychology.
C) evolutionary psychology.
D) behavior genetics. - CORRECT ANSWER-positive psychology
Who highlighted the reproductive advantages of environmentally adaptive traits?
A) Plato
B) Aristotle
C) John Locke
D) Charles Darwin - CORRECT ANSWER-Charles Darwin
,Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow promoted a historically significant approach
known as
A) behaviorism.
B) humanistic psychology.
C) cognitive neuroscience.
D) behavior genetics. - CORRECT ANSWER-Humanistic psychology
Sherry is often overly generous in sacrificing her time to help others. Her friend
suggests that by keeping busy in this way Sherry avoids confronting her own
unconscious conflicts. Her friend's suggestion illustrates the type of explanation that
is most typical of
A) evolutionary psychology.
B) cognitive neuroscience.
C) structuralism.
D) Freudian psychology. - CORRECT ANSWER-Freudian Psychology
Functionalism was a school of psychology that focused attention on the
A) adaptive value of thoughts and behaviors.
B) component elements of sensory experience.
C) disruptive effects of unconscious motives.
D) treatment of psychological disorders. - CORRECT ANSWER-adaptive value of
thoughts and behaviors
Wilhelm Wundt's laboratory work involved experimental studies of
A) animal intelligence.
B) personality development.
C) social influence.
D) mental processes. - CORRECT ANSWER-mental processes
The person most likely to suggest that the shape of a person's skull indicates the
extent to which that individual is argumentative and aggressive would be a
A) neurologist.
B) behavior geneticist.
C) psychoanalyst.
D) phrenologist. - CORRECT ANSWER-phrenologist
The function of dendrites is to
A) receive incoming signals from other neurons.
B) release neurotransmitters into the spatial junctions between neurons.
C) coordinate the activation of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous
systems.
D) control pain through the release of opiate-like chemicals into the brain. -
CORRECT ANSWER-receive incoming signals from other neurons
, A myelin sheath is a
A) nerve network within the spinal cord that controls physical arousal.
B) large band of neural fibers connecting the two adrenal glands.
C) layer of fatty tissue encasing the axons of some nerve cells.
D) bushy extension of a neuron that conducts impulses toward the cell body. -
CORRECT ANSWER-layer for fatty tissue encasing the axons of some nerve cells
Increasing excitatory signals above the threshold for neural activation will not affect
the intensity of an action potential. This indicates that a neuron's reaction is
A) inhibited by the myelin sheath.
B) delayed by the refractory period.
C) an all-or-none response.
D) dependent on neurotransmitter molecules. - CORRECT ANSWER-an all-or-none
response
Reuptake refers to the
A) movement of neurotransmitter molecules across a synaptic gap.
B) release of hormones into the bloodstream.
C) inflow of positively charged ions through an axon membrane.
D) reabsorption of excess neurotransmitter molecules by a sending neuron. -
CORRECT ANSWER-reabsorption of excess neurotransmitter molecules by sending
a neuron
Which neurotransmitter plays the most direct role in learning and memory?
A) dopamine
B) acetylcholine
C) GABA
D) oxytocin - CORRECT ANSWER-acetylcholine
José has just played a long, bruising football game but feels little fatigue or
discomfort. His lack of pain is most likely caused by the release of
A) glutamate.
B) dopamine.
C) acetylcholine.
D) endorphins. - CORRECT ANSWER-endorphins
You feel the pain of a sprained ankle when ________ relay(s) messages from your
ankle to your central nervous system.
A) the myelin sheath
B) interneurons
C) motor neurons
D) sensory neurons - CORRECT ANSWER-sensory nuerons
Sensory neurons are located in the
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