Activation energy
The activation energy required for a reaction is reduced by enzymes.
Active site
The area of the enzyme where the substrate fits. Can be denatured by pH and heat. Complementary to the substrate.
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AS Biology Unit
One: KEY TERMS
Activation energy - answer The activation
energy required for a reaction is reduced by
enzymes.
Active site - answer The area of the enzyme
where the substrate fits. Can be denatured by
pH and heat. Complementary to the
substrate.
,Active transport - answer Movement of
molecules against the concentration gradient
(low to high) and requires energy.
Adenine - answer One of the 4 bases in DNA.
Airspace - answer Air spaces in the spongy
mesophyll allows gas exchange in the leaf.
Amylase - answer Makes up 20% of starch.
Consists of -glucose and has 1-4 glycosidic
bonds. Unbranched but spirals into a helix,
held together by hydrogen bonds.
Amylopectin - answer Makes up 80% of
starch. Consists of -glucose and has 1-6
glycosidic bonds which allow it to be easily
hydrolysed. More branched than glycogen.
Anaphase - answer Chromosomes pulled to
opposite poles of the cell.
,Aquaporin - answer Allow water to move into
and out of cells.
Bacteriophage - answer Type of virus that are
commonly called phages, they are non-
cellular, and attack bacterial cells.
Bilayer - answer The phospholipid bilayer
makes up the cell membrane. The phosphate
heads are hydrophilic and face towards the
water, whereas the fatty acid tails are
hydrophobic and face away from the water.
Bivalents - answer When the homologous
chromosomes line up during Prophase 1 in
meiosis.
Calcium - answer Needed for cell walls in
plants and strong bones and teeth in animals.
, Cell cycle - answer The sequence of events
that occur within a cell, eg. G1, S, G2, Mitosis
and Cytokinesis.
Cell wall - answer The cell wall is the outer
layer of the cell in some organisms. Cellulose
in plants and some protocista, Chitin in fungal
cells and peptidoglycan in some bacteria.
Cell plate - answer How plant cells divide to
form daughter cells, a cell plate grows across
the equator of the cell from the centre
outwards. Cellulose is laid down on the plate
to form the cell wall.
Cellulose - answer Made up of -glucose.
Molecules alternate 180 which makes it rigid.
Role = structural. 1-4 glycosidic bonds and
unbranched.
Chiasmata - answer Where the chromosomes
have crossed over during prophase 1.
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