This study guide provides a comprehensive overview of renal physiology and pathophysiology, ideal for medical and biological sciences students. Key topics include the anatomy and structure of the kidneys, renal blood flow and filtration, and the functions of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and...
, 1. Which structure encloses the kidney?
• a) Renal cortex
• b) Renal pelvis
• c) Fibrous capsule
• d) Renal medulla
2. What percentage of cardiac output do the kidneys receive?
• a) 15%
• b) 20%
• c) 25%
• d) 30%
3. What is the functional unit of the kidney?
• a) Nephron
• b) Glomerulus
• c) Renal pyramid
• d) Bowman’s capsule
4. What is the role of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump in the proximal convoluted tubule
(PCT)?
• a) Reabsorption of glucose
• b) Maintenance of low intracellular Na+ concentration
• c) Filtration of blood
• d) Secretion of hormones
Fill in the Blanks
1. The renal corpuscle is composed of the _______________ and the Bowman’s
capsule.
2. The glomerular filtration barrier includes podocytes with ____________ processes
forming filtration slits.
3. The measurement of the amount of solute cleared from plasma per unit time is
known as _______________.
4. _______________ is used to measure the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) because
it is filtered but not processed in the nephron.
One-Word Answers
1. What is the primary function of nephrons?
2. What acid is used to measure renal plasma flow due to its filtration and secretion
properties?
3. Which enzyme facilitates the conversion of HCO3- to water and CO2 in the PCT?
4. What is the structural unit that performs ultrafiltration in the kidney?
Matching Questions
Match the following terms with their correct descriptions:
Column A Column B
1. Renal cortex a. Maintains a low Na+ concentration in cells
2. Podocytes b. Outer layer of the kidney
3. Na+/K+ ATPase pump c. Functional unit of the kidney
4. Nephron d. Cells that wrap around capillaries in the glomerulus
5. Juxtaglomerular apparatus e. Measures solute clearance from plasma
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