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DEVOLUTION ACTS
- Scotland Act 1988- a referendum held, granted a Scottish assembly with power over healthcare,
education, vary income tax by 3%
- Scotland Act 2016- Scottish nationalism grew, 2014 showed a close result for independence. Control
over income tax, regulation of energy industry. Large amounts of power transferred
- Gov of Wales Act 1998- set up elected welsh assembly with powers to allocate funds to key areas like
education and health, but NO legislative power
- Gov of Wales Act 2014- set up provisions for more devo if a referendum was in favour, control over landfill
tax and stamp duty
- Gov of Wales Act 2017- variation of income tax by 10p in the pound, transfer of legislative powers over
energy
- Belfast Agreement 1998- restored devolved powers, and an assembly elected by STV (representation
across all areas of society ensured). Education administration, transport, healthcare powers
REGIONAL DEVOLUTION CITY DEVOLUTION
- Gender Recognition Reform Bill overturned - Birmingham council declared bankrupt in 2023
by Westminster in 2023- first time it had following misplaced funds
used this power - Irresponsible funding a result of being
- Key parts of the bottle deposit recycling underfunded due to London-centric economy-
Andy Burnham Greater Manchester metro-mayor
scheme overturned in 2023- local needs
claimed westminster’s covid funding and
not effectively reflected
decisions were too London-centric and lifted
- Scotland drug consumption rooms 2023 lockdowns too early to benefit tourism and
- DUP safeguarding the union plan with London econ. Causes limited growth and poor
Westminster- developing trade interests funding in cities
between NI and UK - Unequal growth between regions could occur,
- Renewable Heat Incentive scandal 2017- wealth inequality exacerbated. Central gov
Sinn Fein left power-sharing agreement, control ensures core policies are shared equally
caused a breakdown of the assembly until - Pop density, economy, etc means different areas
2020 require greater funding/ powers
- Threat of independence caused by - ‘one size’ does not fit all- local needs vary
- Low turnout local elections- Wellingborough by-
leadership and is a fluctuating goal-
election 2024 38%
significantly weaker under Yousaf
- Greater devolved powers improve apathy and
local representation- Peterborough’s £170m
housing fund
- 2023 the gov introduced 2 trailblazer devolution
deals for greater Manchester and the west
midlands. No legislative control, but substantial
administrative control and funding autonomy
over key areas like affordable housing
programmes
CABINET COLLECTIVE AND INDIVIDUAL MINISTERIAL
- David Cameron appointed as Foreign RESPONSIBILITY
Sec in 2023- was made a peer so he - Braverman broke ministerial code by writing an
could assume the role, breaking opinion piece for the Times against Palestinian
convention that ministers have to be protests without running it by Sunak- fired her
elected members of HOC- patronage due to pressure from opposition and members
, Parliamentary scrutiny
PM POWERS
- PMQs are sensationalised and have high
- Limited by the will of Parliament-2013 circulation
Cameron accepted Parliament’s decision - Starmer attacked Sunak in 2024 following anti
not to intervene into Syrian Civil War transgender remark made in front of Brianna
despite wishing to do so- bound by Ghey’s mother
convention to respect parl on prerogative - SNP called out Sunak for ‘crude bet’ over £1000
powers AND fear of appearing Rwanda flights deal with Piers Morgan, reporting
authoritarian him for breach of ministerial code
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