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Memory summary notes, aqa a level psychology
Clear, concise and exam focused notes for aqa a level psychology year 1- memory. Learning made simple :)
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, Memory (stm)Short term
Coding-format
· :
type of datalings being stored
Duration-Time
multistore model-Atkinson + Shiffrin (96)
· :
Length of time info is held
for
·
Capacity Amount/quantity - -
quantity of info stored. I I rehersah
X transfer
-
Sensory Attention
Short term Long term
>
-
Environmental
- register memory retrival memory
Stimuli
b b b
One of the earliest memory models
forgetting forgetting forgetting
-
made of 3 components
memory up
.
↑
memories
formed Sequentially info passed on in a linear fashion .
I neces
has
Coding
·
each component specific Duration
Capacity
SK (brief) milli-only info info enter's via sensors from environment
Second's the 2 most noted Iconic
which is are :
memory
-
Visual info coded visually
echoic memory- auditory info coded
acoustically
passes
to
is lost
-
see canad on
u
·
Climited) Chunks' of
info
LTM lifetime duration unlimited coded
systematically + can be retrived to Sti when required
Peterson and Peterson (lasy-to test STM duration .
Sample 24 psych Students . Recall
meaningless 3 letter
trigrams at diff time intervals Cup in 3's
to 18) - to prevent rehersal pp's counted back in 3/4 from a bill asked to recall
· After
Results 3 seconds 80 % of trigams recalled correctly/After 18s < 10 % of trigrams recalled
correctly
.
Conclusion· Sti limited of 18 seconds -
if not released will not pass to htm
.
·
Further evidence for multistore model and the idea of discrete
memory
.
Miller (958) -
Capacity of Sti which Jacobs 1827 conducted Similar research 69 yes later -
digit Span test :
443 female students required to
back
repeat a
string of ab/letter's On
average pp's could recall 7 3 letters + 9 3 nb's .
. .
+ -2
Supported by
·
Jacobs :
digit spon test-capacity of Stin nbs/letters :
Supporting the L thory
.
factors that
affect taken eg)
·
other into
no
capacity account
age
·
Jacob's research
acknowledged Sti
gradually improves with
age
Bahrick 1975-392 American uni
graduates on
memory of former classmates asking pp's to match names of former classmates to pictures
in a
yearbook photo DURATION
.
of LTM : 60 %
accuracy for matching names + faces 47
years after graduation .
LTM memories
last a
lifetime (or atleast 47
year's)
·
high ecological validity + mundane realism--real life memories used + real
life info-matching pictures to names
.
↳
memory for real
life events can be
applied to
everyday memory
.
·
392 American uni
grads : not
generalibisable to other population's
90 % after Kyrs + 60 %
after
Accuracy was
year
·
to explain if Lim becomes less accurate over time because of limited
duration - If simply worse with
.
age
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