NUR 4510 Final Exam Study Guide- Questions and Correct Answers
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Module
NURS 4510
Institution
NURS 4510
What does Kayexalate do? bind to K+ to excrete excess through stool
Acetaminophen causes damage to ___ while Ibuprofen causes damage to ___. acetaminophen-liver ibuprofen- kidneys
A nurse can see the transition from HIV to AIDS when a pt has what positive s/sxs? Oral candida albicans (thrush)
Wh...
NUR 4510 Final Exam Study Guide - Questions and Correct Answers What does Kayexalate do? ✅bind to K+ to excrete excess through stool Acetaminophen causes damage to ___ while Ibuprofen causes damage to ___. ✅acetaminophen -liver ibuprofen - kidneys A nurse can see the transition from HIV to AIDS when a pt has what positive s/sxs? ✅Oral candida albicans (thrush) What is the #1 priority ND for a pt on peritoneal dialysis? ✅risk for infection What is a pt on CAVH @ risk for? ✅bleeding rationale: these pts receive a lot of Heparin and both venous and arterial vessels are tapped into during the procedure The inflammatory response can be described as what? ✅immediate non-specific immune response Hyperacute Graft Rejection Characteristics ✅immediate cannot be stopped triggers blood clotting cascade only antibody mediated Acute Graft Rejection Characteristics ✅occurs within 1 wk to 3 months leads to organ destruction doesn't mean loss of organ includes both cellular and antibody mediated mechanisms Chronic Graft Rejection Characteristics ✅leads to organ destruction accelerated graft atherosclerosis fibrotic and scar like tissue major cause of death in heart transplant pts 7 most common s/sxs of HIV ✅SOB/cough night sweats fever wt loss swollen lymph nodes n/v fatigue HIV transmission Spreading (most common to least) ✅sexual activity IV drug use/needle sharing perinatal transmission (mom to baby) blood to blood transfusions What are Kaposi's Sarcomas? ✅red or purple patches on skin not painful no drainage may be itchy At what point is a pt leukopenic? Lymmphogenic? ✅Luekopenic - WBC <3.5 Lymphogenic - lymphocytes <1.5 What is the Rule of 9s? ✅determines how much of the body is damaged/affected with a burn 9% for head (front and back) and each arm 18% for each leg (front and back) 1% for peri area 18% for front abdominal area 18% for back What is the Parkland Formula? When is it used? ✅4 mL/kg/% TBSA burn used for fluid resuscitation purposes for burn pts How much fluid would a 79 kg pt with 45% burn need? ✅14,220 mL in 24 hrs 7110 given in the first 8 hrs after burn 7110 given in the next 16 hrs after that What is an ileal conduit? ✅portion of the intestine that ureters are connected to with a stoma on the outside of the skin What is a ureostomy? ✅ureters brought to skin surgace with stoma What is Kock's Pouch? ✅Small bowel cut and made into a "bladder" with stomac to skin, only continent diversion What is a sigmoidostomy? ✅Ureters attached to colon Which diversion do men need to learn to sit while peeing? ✅Sigmoidostomy Which lab value most accurately reflects possible renal dysfunction? a. urine specific gravity of 1.020 b. BUN/cr ration of 10:1 c. BUN of 15 mg/dl d. Cr of 5.0 mg/dl ✅d. Cr of 5.0 mg/dl The rate of GFR in the kidneys is altered by which of the following? a. glomerular permeability b. contraction of Bowman's capsule c. blood flow to the kidneys d. arterial pH level ✅c. blood flow to the kidneys Antidiuretic hormone acts within the ___ to promote reabsorption of ___. ✅distal tubules; water What are urolithiasis? ✅presence of calculi (stones) in the urinary tract, can be anywhereq What are nephrolithiasis? ✅formation of stones (calculi) in the kidneys What are urterolithiasis? ✅formation of stones (calculi) in the ureters How does the RAAS system work? ✅renin helps regulate blood flow, GFR, BP. Renin is secreted when blood volume, pressure, or Na levels are low. Angiotensinogen is then converted into angiotensin 1. This causes a secretion of aldosterone. Aldosterone increases kidney reabsorption of Na and water, restoring BP, blood volume, and Na levels The sxs of a pt with prerenal azotemia mimic those of a pt with what other conditions? ✅HF fluid volume imbalances (dehydration or overload) S/sxs of prerenal azotomia ✅hypoTN decreased CO lethargic itchy skin poor cognition uremic frost anorexia metallic taste in mouth dyspnea What are indications for dialysis? ✅symptomatic uremia persistent or radidly risking K+ levels severe metabolic acidosis fluid overload that compromises tissue perfusion uremic pericarditis/encephalopathy
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