Science Praxis 5005 Elementary Education Complete Guide
Geology
Plate Tectonics: Movement of continents and changes in the Earth's crust caused by internal forces.
Atmosphere: Dry gas (nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide), water vapor, and solid particles.
Troposphere: Closest to Earth'...
Plate Tectonics: Movement of continents and changes in the Earth's crust caused by internal forces.
Atmosphere: Dry gas (nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide), water vapor, and solid particles.
Troposphere: Closest to Earth's surface, weather-related activities.
Stratosphere: Very little water, ozone layer.
Mesosphere: Coldest layer.
Thermosphere: Layer extends upward into space.
Mountains
Formed by volcanic action or tectonic plate collisions.
Folding: Folding of rock layers, usually sedimentary rocks.
Faulting: Fractures in Earth's crust due to tension.
Rocks
Igneous Rocks: Formed from magma (molten rock). Classified by texture, composition, and formation
process. Intrusive: formed below Earth's surface. Extrusive: formed at Earth's surface.
Sedimentary Rocks: Created when fluid sediments are transformed into solid rocks. Cementation is
when sediments are converted to sedimentary rocks.
Metamorphic Rocks: Formed by high temperatures and great pressure. Process is called
metamorphism.
Geological Processes
Weathering: Breaking down of rocks at or near the Earth's surface.
, Erosion: Transportation of surface materials by another moveable material (water, wind, ice).
Deposition: Also known as sedimentation, process by which material from one area is slowly deposited
into another area.
Eons and Eras
Precambrian Era: No life.
Paleozoic Era: Continents and sea animals.
Mesozoic Era: Reptiles, new landforms.
Cenozoic Era: Ice age, mammals, humans evolving.
Planets
Mercury: Closest planet to the sun.
Jupiter: Largest planet in the Solar System.
Uranus: Third-largest planet, gaseous planet.
Pluto: Dwarf planet.
Sun
Core: Inner portion of the sun where fusion takes place.
Photosphere: Surface of the sun that produces sunspots.
Chromosphere: Hydrogen gas causes this portion to be red.
Corona: Transparent area of the sun visible only during a total eclipse.
Stars
Measured brightness using magnitude.
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