Praxis 5005 (Science) Kathleen Jasper Purple Book Notes and
Information
1. Earth's Layers
What is the outermost layer of the Earth?
A. The core
B. The mantle
C. The crust
D. The lithosphere
Answer: C. The crust
2. Atmospheric Compositions
What percentage of nitrogen makes up the...
Praxis 5005 (Science) Kathleen Jasper Purple Book Notes and
Information
1. Earth's Layers
What is the outermost layer of the Earth?
A. The core
B. The mantle
C. The crust
D. The lithosphere
Answer: C. The crust
2. Atmospheric Compositions
What percentage of nitrogen makes up the Earth's atmosphere?
A. 21%
B. 78%
C. 0.09%
D. 0.01%
Answer: B. 78%
3. Geologic Formations
What are geologic formations made from?
,A. Rocks
B. Minerals
C. Soils
D. Water
Answer: A. Rocks
4. Plate Tectonics
What is the theory that describes the movement of the Earth's outer shell?
A. Plate tectonics
B. Continental drift
C. Earth's rotation
D. Weather patterns
Answer: A. Plate tectonics
5. Seismic Waves
What are the three types of seismic waves?
A. Primary, secondary, and surface waves
B. Tectonic, volcanic, and seismic waves
C. Earthquakes, tsunamis, and landslides
D. P, S, and surface waves
Answer: A. Primary, secondary, and surface waves
, Condensation ✔️When water vapor turns back into a liquid-water collects as droplets on a cold surface
when humid air is in contact with it, forming clouds
Transpiration ✔️When plants suck water from roots to the small pores in the leaves, releasing water
vapor into the atmosphere
What are the main stages of the water cycle? ✔️Evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and
transpiration
What are the soil layers in order? ✔️Top soil. Subsoil. Bedrock
Hadean Eon ✔️4.5 billion. Earth is formed out of debris around the solar protoplanetary disk. There is
no life. Temperatures are extremely hot with frequent volcanic activity. The moon is formed around this
time.
Archean Eon ✔️2.5 billion. Prokaryote life, the first form of life, emerges. The atmosphere is composed
of volcanic and greenhouse gases
Proterozoic Eon ✔️541 million. Eukaryotes, a more complex form of life, emerge, including some forms
of multicellular organisms. Bacteria begin producing oxygen, shaping the 3rd and current of Earth's
atmospheres. Plants, animals (later in this time period), and possibly earlier forms of fungi form around
this time.
Phanerozoic Eon ✔️541 million-present. Complex life, including vertebrates, begin to dominate Earth's
ocean. Gradually, life expands to land, and familiar forms of plants, animals, and fungi begin appearing.
Animals-including humans-evolve at the most recent phases of this eon
When did scientists estimate the life on earth began? ✔️3.8 billion years ago
How old do scientists believe the Earth is? ✔️4.5 billion years old
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