NCOI- UNIT 2 CARDIOVASCULAR EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE 100% VERIFIED
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Module
NCOI
Institution
NCOI (NCOI)
NCOI- UNIT 2 CARDIOVASCULAR EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE 100% VERIFIED
What does the conduction system in the heart do?
responsible for creating and transporting the electrical impulse, or action potential. The impulse starts depolarization of the cardiac...
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE 100%
VERIFIED
What does the conduction system in the heart do?
responsible for creating and transporting the electrical impulse, or action potential. The
impulse starts depolarization of the cardiac cells and subsequently heart contraction
Systole
Contraction of the heart, ejecting blood from the ventricles
Diastole
Relaxation of the heart filling the ventricles
Contractibility
pumping power. Can be increased by epinephrine and norepinephrine release by the
sympathetic nervous system. Increasing contractility raises the stroke volume by
increasing ventricular emptying.
Afterload
Peripheral resistance against which the left ventricle must pump. Influenced by the size
of the ventricle, wall tension, and arterial blood pressure.
Murmur Grades 1-6
,i. Very faint may only be heard by an expert not heard in all positions no thrill
ii. Soft heard no positions no thrill
iii. Moderately loud, no thrill
iv. Louder and associated with a palpable thrill
v. Very loud with thrill heard it with the stethoscope partly off the chest
vi. Loudest with thrills heard, with the stethoscope entirely off the chest. (just above the
pericardium not touching the skin)
Diagnostic studies of the cardiovascular system
Lipid Profile
C-reactive Protein
Electrocardiogram
Echocardiogram
Nuclear Scans
Cardiac PET
Cardiovascular MRI
CT angiography (CTA)
Calcium-scoring screen
Cardiac Catheterization
Risk Factors for Primary Hypertension
i. Age
ii. Alcohol
iii. Tobacco use
iv. Diabetes mellitus
, v. Elevated serum lipids
vi. Excess dietary sodium
vii. Gender (more common in young and middle age males, more common in women
over age 64)
viii. Family history
ix. Obesity
x. Ethnicity
xi. Sedentary lifestyle
xii. Socioeconomic status
xiii. stress
Symptoms of severe hypertension
1. Fatigue
2. Dizziness
3. Palpitations
4. Angina
5. Dyspnea
Treatment for hypertension
i. Medications
ii. Weight reduction
iii. DASH diet-fruits, vegetables, whole grains, reduced fat
iv. Low sodium diet
v. Moderation of alcohol intake
vi. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY-exercise is medicine
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