This document provides a digital summary sheet (created on powerpoint) for every module within the 'Approaches' topic of Psychology A level. Each summary sheet provides in varying detail an outline (AO1) and 3-4 evaluation points (AO3) of the topic. Every slide has the required information to compl...
Pre 1880s: Early Roots 1950s: Humanistic approach
1890s: Sigmund Freud 1980s: The Biological approach
Psychology is a branch of & Psychodynamic Carl Rogers & Abraham Maslow
approach were the origins of this This approach gained important
philosophy, not seen as a status in the journey of psychology
science. Some famous movement. This new approach
1900s, Freud publishes rejects previous ones, instead becoming a science. Due to
philosophers as this time advances in technology,
include John Locke (believed ‘The interpretation of emphasising humans self
dreams. He believed determination, free-will and psychologists were now able to
you are born a blank slate) and study the brain and biological
Charles Darwin (believed in humans were driven by need for self-actualisation.
unconscious desire. The processes to attempt to prove a
adaptation and that genetics direct correlation between brain
formed a person). psychodynamic
approach was activity and cognition.
established.
1910s: Behaviourist
2000s: Cognitive neuros
approach 1960s: Cognitive approach
1879: Wilhelm Wundt
established
This emerges in the 21st
This new approach emerges with a mix of both biological
This marks the start of
John Watson writes the introduction of the computer
psychology as a science as cognitive branches of ps
‘Psychology as the forming the basis of a
Wundt opens the first This area of study had b
Behaviorist views it’ representation of the mind as an
‘psychology lab’ in Germany. established for a while,
and Burrhus Skinner ‘information processor.’
He conducted experiments became more accurate i
establishes the
using a method called modern day using contin
Behaviourist Bandura also proposes the ‘Social
introspection. advancing technology fo
approach which is Learning Theory’ after research in Recent research has led
the idea that all 1961 & 1963 to merge cognitive ‘brain mapping’ and ‘bra
behaviour is learnt approach ideas with more fingerprinting.’
from experience. traditional behaviourist ideas.
, Wundt is known to be the first person to Introspection is a process of conscious self-
His methods cou
be considered a ‘psychologist.’ He reflection and is the chief method Wundt
classified as ver
opened the first psychology laboratory used. This technique involved individuals
in nature as the
at Leipzig University in Germany in 1879 reporting on the contents of their
replicable. This
and wrote ‘Principles of Physiological consciousness under controlled conditions.
because Wundt
Psychology.’ He started the separation of Test subjects would be given sensory stimuli
emphasis on ca
psychology as a separate, scientific (e.g. A ticking metronome) and be asked to
conduction that
subject (not grouped with philosophy.) report back their sensations, thoughts,
studies controlle
feelings and images.
systematic. Exte
Structuralism was the name given to variables did no
Wundt’s approach to the study of the Wilhelm Wundt with the researc
mind. Him and his co-workers aimed
to try to explain and understand the However Wundt’s introspection was considered
nature of peoples consciousness. too subjective. Thoughts and feelings are ‘non-
They wanted to do this by breaking observable’ and, because, the test subjects are
down peoples experiences into their self-reporting, they may lie, omit details or be
basic elements (thoughts, feelings unable to word their thoughts. This means it does
etc…). They borrowed this model off not meet the requirements of a scientific enquiry.
of chemistry- believing by isolating Lack of objectivity also means it’s difficult to create
these ‘elements’ Wundt could general principles of the nature of the mind from
understand how worked to form the Wundt’s work.
‘compound’ of the mind.
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