ASCORERS STUVIA
1 / ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEW 2024 NEWEST UPDATE;
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS |A+GRADE
1.Carbohydrates: provides quick energy, made up of chains of simple sugars such as glucose; cellulose is a carb that makes up the cell wall of plant cells
2.Lipids: The functions of lipids include storing energy (triglycerideds), signaling, and acting as structural components of cell membranes (phospholipids).
3.Proteins: They do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs. Made of chains of amino acids.
4.Nucleic Acids: a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain.
5.List the steps (chemical/enzymatic) of carbohydrate digestion: Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth. Salivary glands release saliva to moisten the food and the enzyme salivary amylase, which begins the process of breaking down
the polysaccharides in the carbohydrate food into simple sugars. After the food is swallowed, it passes through the stomach into the small intestine where amylase is ASCORERS STUVIA
2 / present to continue the chemical digestion of the carbohydrates.
6.How does amylase help with the breakdown of starches?: Amylase is a diges-
tive enzyme that acts on starch in food, breaking it down into smaller carbohydrate
molecules (simple sugars).
7.Describe how the pancreas and liver work together to maintain blood glu- cose levels.: Together, insulin and glucagon help maintain a state called homeosta- sis
in which conditions inside the body remain steady. When blood sugar is too high, the pancreas secretes more insulin. When blood sugar levels drop, the pancreas releases glucagon to raise them.
8.What initiates the birthing process in humans?: oxytocin
9.What are the main functions of Sensory Neurons?: responsible for converting
external stimuli from the organism's environment into internal electrical impulses
10.(function and example) Somatic Nervous System: voluntary movement of the
muscles and organs and reflex movements. In the process of voluntary movement,
sensory neurons carry impulses to the brain and the spinal cord. ex: blinking reflex,
knee jerk reflex, gag reflex, and the startle reflex and rooting reflex in infants
11.(function and example) Sympathetic Nervous System: Fight or flight. Accel- erate heart rate, widen bronchial passages, decrease motility of the large intestine, constrict blood vessels, increase peristalsis in the esophagus, cause pupillary dilation, ASCORERS STUVIA
3 / piloerection (goose bumps) and perspiration (sweating), and raise blood pressure
12.(function and example) Autonomic (visceral) Nervous System: controls in- voluntary, vegetative, and visceral functions, including heart rate, blood pressure (BP), the motility and secretion of the digestive system, the urinary bladder, and
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