CAOT NOTCE Exam Questions with correct Answers
What is Rheumatoid Arthritis? - answer inflammation of the joint lining progressive + chronic
results in deterioration, limited ROM and pain/stiffness
synovitis + crepitation
Deformities associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis? - answer Swan Neck
Boutonniere
Nale Bluff (Thumb) Joint Laxity Ulnar Deviation
What joint is most commonly affected by Rheumatoid Arthritis - answer DIP and PIP
What is Osteoarthritis? - answer inflammation of the joint cartilage - the cartilage breaks
down which causes the bones to rub together which results in osteophytes wear + tear
What joint is most commonly affected by Osteoarthritis? - answer weight bearing - hips, knees, spine, MC of the toe
What is fibromyalgia? - answer pain in muscles + their attachments
Interventions with Fibromyalgia - answer Energy Conservation Physical Endurance ROM + strength Splinting Assistive Technology
What is Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)? - answer due to affected neurons in the brainstem, cortex and spinal cord two types: sporadic (55-62) + familial (45-52)
Etiology: glutamate insufficiency, metal toxicity, genetics, autoimmune factors, neuron destruction
What are the three other conditions similar to ALS? - answer Progressive Bulbar Palsy -
corticobulbar tract + brainstem affected, affects facial muscles due to cranial nerves being affected. Results in facial + tongue weakness, dysphagia + dysarthria Progressive Muscle Atrophy: weakness, decreased reflexes, increased fasciculation Primary Lateral Sclerosis: corticobulbar + corticospinal tracts, result in progressive spastic paresis (progressive stiffness)
What is the expected lifespan after an ALS diagnosis - answer2-4 years
ALS does not affect - answereyesight, bowel and bladder
Initial S/S of ALS --> Progression of ALS - answerinitial: slurred speech, increased emotions progression: muscle atrophy, spasticity, cramping and fasciculation
Assessment for ALS - answerCOPM - roles + goals ADL's - FIM, AMPS, SMAF ROM + MMT, balance, coordination eating, swallowing
5 Stages of Interventions for ALS - answerStage 1: ROM + Stretching, EC Stage 2: continuous stretching, be cautious of strengthening, AFO/splinting if required, dysphagia assessment, assistive tech for ADLS Stage 3: manual or powered wheelchair, universal cuff to eat, discuss with family home modifications
Stage 4: arm sling, massage, heat + massage, environmental controls, discuss future steps Stage 5: teach family transfers, mobility, etc. control devices, wheelchair with respiratory
device Stage 6: PROM + massage, augmented device, dysphagia assessment
What is Alzheimers Disease? - answerprogressive deterioration of the CNS affects behaviour (psychosis, agitation, hallucinations delusion), mood (depression + anxiety), and higher mental processes (resulting in a decrease in memory, decision making, learning, etc.)
Stage 1/4 of Alzheimers Interventions - answerStage 1 ( Mild): - focus on memory, visuospatial challenges + personality. challenges
- agnosia + anomia - ST memory loss with places + names
- decreased attention focus and comprehension
Stage 2/4 for Alzheimers Interventions - answerStage 2 (moderate): - same as stage 1 - focus on agitation, confusion, insomnia, apraxia - increased social withdrawal - increased emotional reactions - vocalization of hallucinations + delusions - unaware of thirst + hunger - repetitive questioning - difficulty with tasks instructions
Stage 3/4 for Alzheimer Interventions - answerStage 3 (Severe): - aphasia, resistive, incontinent and eating challenges - repetitive vocal + physical behaviours
- dependent in self care - decrease motor control
Stage 4/4 Alzheimer Interventions - answerStage 4: Terminal - mute - bed fast - dysphagia
ST Memory Interventions - answercue cards memory books planners repetitive practice with a schedule checklists task analysis writing things down planning ahead use of timers
LT Memory Interventions - answermemory books
visual, tactile, sense cues use of smells + visuals to cue a memory
Sensory Memory Interventions - answerhigh contrast colors, enlarged prints, calm speech, reassuring touch
Behavioural Interventions (Alzheimer) - answerorientation (to person, place, time) reminisce therapy validation therapy (all behaviour serve a purpose)
what is "FOCUSED" - answeran environmental intervention for caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer disease
F - face to face O - orient (repeat key words) C - continuity (same topic) U - unstick S - structure (simple choices) E - exchange with the individual D - direct
Environmental Interventions - answersimplify tasks
