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Summary WJEC (Wales) Biology unit 1.1 Chemical elements joined to form compounds - lipids notes £6.49
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Summary WJEC (Wales) Biology unit 1.1 Chemical elements joined to form compounds - lipids notes
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A full summary of unit 1.1 chemical elements joined to form compounds (lipids) for the syllabus of WJEC (Wales). It contains all the details that A-level students should memorise before entering the exam hall. There are also some answering techniques and answer formats for exam-type questions.

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  • July 27, 2024
  • 4
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

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Lipids
Characteristics:
● large grps of organic molecules
● contain C,H,O, less O

Types:
1. Triglycerides
● High proportion of CH2
● Small amounts of O
● Non-polar
● Insoluble in H2O
● Soluble in non-polar solvents e.g. propanone/alcohols
● X polymers ∵ not identical monomers

Formation:
● Fats - solids, oils - liquids in normal temp
● Condensation rxn
● Forms ester bond
= bond between an alcohol grp & a carboxylic grp formed by the elimination of a H 2O
● Either saturated (no C-C double bonds), unsaturated (2/more C-C bonds) or
polyunsaturated (more double bonds in quantity)


3 Fatty acids 1 Glycerol

Over 70 types C3H8O3
Hv carboxyl grp (-COOH) Soluble in water
Make variations in triglycerides Always same structure
Can be different when attaching to glycerol

Saturated Unsaturated

Hv only single C-C bonds Hv at least 1 C-C double bond
-> cause kink in chain
Straight chains ∴cannot align uniformly
∴ X solidify readily, liquid
Saturated with H atoms oils
∵all C atoms linked to max.
possible no. of H atoms Mono-saturated:
1 C=C e.g. olive oil
Tightly packed
∴ solid at normal temp, Polyunsaturated:
useful in storage in mammals >1 C=C e.g. sunflower oil/salmon

Usually found in animal lipids

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