Notes for the whole of the AQA GCSE History Health and the People paper made by a grade 9 student. Organised by time period, each with a factors summary for the 16 marker
,1000-
1450
Middle Ages
Factors summary:
Public health: Not much improvement
Government: didn’t see it as their responsibility so not much
I
done but rakers were paid to clean streets
Religion: monasteries one of few places with good public health -
they had latrines, sewage was removed, but were their own
community so not representative of whole country
Surgery & anatomy: Not much improvement
Religion: Catholic Church bans experiments. More development in
Islamic world
War: the battlefield was like a lab for surgeons to practice as they
got lots of experience with similar injuries. Forceps were developed
to remove arrowheads from wounds
Disease & infection: Little/no improvement
Religion: Catholic Church: believed Hippocrates/Galen & in
punishment from God. No developments due to no research.
Islam: Rhazes found different between smallpox/measles
Individual Genius: Rhazes wrote >100 books & Avicenna wrote
‘The Canon of Medicine’ which were used in teaching
Science & technology: Islamic doctors develop device to remove
cataracts
, Hippocrates Greek doctor ~460BC
Key theories:
Clinical observation:
Observe symptoms so doctors can tell how a disease will
:
progress & then make a diagnosis
4 Humours:
Blood (spring)
Yellow bile (summer).
Black bile (autumn)
Phlegm (winter)
People become sick when their Humours are unbalanced
:
Regimen:
Balanced diet to keep humours balanced
Idea still used today eg. eating a balanced diet & exercising
regularly
Books:
Hippocratic Collection - collection of 60 of his books
Wrote 100s of books
Were used for >1000yrs
Hippocratic Oath still used by doctors today
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