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liver- medicine and surgery questions with correct answers verified
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liver- medicine and surgery questions with correct answers verified .what are the 4 main functions of the liver? ANS - - synthesis of vitamin K dependent K clotting factors- II,
VII, IX and X
- detoxification - digestive function
- role in glucose and cholesterol metabolism
what are some causes of acute hepatitis? ANS - viral acute alcoholic hepatitis drugs toxins medications
what are some investigations for acute liver disease? ANS - liver function tests (hepatic enzymes) tests to determine the cause- viral serology, immunoglobulins, auto-antibody profile liver ultrasonography
what are the clinical features of chronic liver disease? ANS - cirrhosis is seen, this is usually caused by alcohol but some people have a genetic predisposition
what are the signs and symptoms of chronic liver disease? ANS - - encephalopathy (any disease of the brain that alters function or structure) - reduced attention span as the blood is not detoxifying - loss of lean body mass (shoulders) - accumulation of body water, the water is no longer contained within the vessels, this causes a classic swollen belly appearance - coagulopathy
what are you likely to see on examination of a liver disease patient? ANS - jaundice easy bruising spider naevi asterixis scratch marks sialosis- non-inflammatory, non-infective and non-neoplastic swelling of the salivary glands dupuytrans contracture palmar erythema
what is looked for in a liver function test? ANS - alanine transaminase (ALT)
aspartate transaminase (AST) clotting
gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (raised suggests long term alcoholic) alkaline phosphatase
whats the main serological marker for hepatitis B and what does it show? ANS - Hep B s Ag it is the first manifestation of infection and is a marker of ongoing infection
what are the other serological markers for hepatitis B and what do they show? ANS - anti Hep B s Ag- protection from infection hep B c Ag- this is detected by development of antibody, it signifies donor infectivity if hep B s Ag is negative and Hep B c Ag is positive anti Hep B s Ag and anti Hep B c Ag signifies previous infection
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