RASMUSSEN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY.FINAL
EXAM.2024/2025.WITH VERIFIED QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS.A+ GRADED.2024/2025.
The nurse monitors for which of the following definitive clinical manifestations in a patient with
renal impairment associated with polycystic kidney disease?
A) Flank pain
B) Periorbital edema
C) Low serum creatinine level
D) Palpable kidneys ------CORRECT ANSWER-----D) Palpable kidneys
The nurse questions a female patient about perineal cleansing. Which statement by the patient
indicates proper technique?
A) "I douche monthly."
B) "I use an alcohol-based product."
C) "I wipe from back to front."
D) "I wipe from front to back." ------CORRECT ANSWER-----D) "I wipe from front to back."
The nurse is performing discharge teaching for a patient after a nephrectomy for renal
carcinoma. Which statement by the patient indicates that teaching has been effective?
A) "Because renal carcinoma usually affects both kidneys, I'll need to be watched closely."
B) "I'll need to decrease my fluid intake to prevent stress to my remaining kidney."
C) "My remaining kidney should provide me with normal renal function."
D) "I'll eventually require some type of renal replacement therapy." ------CORRECT ANSWER-----
C) "My remaining kidney should provide me with normal renal function."
The nurse correlates the decreased glomerular filtration rate in the client with acute
glomerulonephritis to which pathophysiologic process?
A) Decreased renal-induced constriction of the renal arteries
B) Thickened capillary membranes secondary to immune complex deposition and cellular
proliferation
C) Necrosis of 70% or more of the nephrons secondary to increased kidney interstitial
hydrostatic pressure
D) Scar tissue formation throughout the proximal convoluted tubule secondary to toxin -induced
collagen synthesis ------CORRECT ANSWER-----B) Thickened capillary membranes secondary to
immune complex deposition and cellular proliferation
The RN has just received change-of-shift report. Which of the assigned patients should be
assessed first?
A) A patient with renal insufficiency who is scheduled to have a dialysis fistula inserted
B) A patient with azotemia whose blood urea nitrogen and creatinine are increasing
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C) A patient receiving peritoneal dialysis who needs help changing the dialysate bag
D) A patient with chronic renal failure who was just admitted with shortness of breath ------
CORRECT ANSWER-----D) A patient with chronic renal failure who was just admitted with
shortness of breath
A nurse observes tall, peaked T waves on the electrocardiogram (EKG) of a patient with end -
stage kidney disease (ESKD). Which is the nurse's best action?
A) Repeating the EKG
B) Checking the serum potassium level
C) Preparing to give sodium bicarbonate to correct the acidosis
D) Nothing; this is a normal finding for individuals with ESRD. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----B)
Checking the serum potassium level
A nurse is reviewing the history and physical examination of a client with a suspected malignant
tumor of the bladder. Which finding would the nurse identify as the most common initial
symptom?
A) Fever
B) Frequency
C) Urinary retention
D) Painless hematuria ------CORRECT ANSWER-----D) Painless hematuria
Epigastric pain that is relieved by food is suggestive of:
A) pancreatitis.
B) gastric ulcer.
C) dysphagia.
D) peritonitis. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----B) gastric ulcer.
The nurse is caring for a female patient with cholelithiasis. Which assessment findings from the
patient's history and physical examination may have contributed to the development of the
condition?
A) The patient's body mass index (BMI) is 46.
B) The patient is a vegetarian.
C) The patient drinks 4 ounces of red wine nightly.
D) The patient takes 81 mg of aspirin every morning. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----A) The patient's
body mass index (BMI) is 46.
The nurse is caring for a patient with renal failure and chronic gastritis. The patient tells the
nurse that he takes 2 teaspoons of sodium bicarbonate every night before bed to prevent
heartburn. Which is the nurse's best response?
A) "You should let the doctor know right away if you develop stomach cramps."
B) "I will let your doctor know so that a safer antacid can be prescribed for you."
C) "Do not take the sodium bicarbonate with milk, because it can cause kidney stones."
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D) "Make sure that you mix the sodium bicarbonate with at least 8 ounces of water." ------
CORRECT ANSWER-----B) "I will let your doctor know so that a safer antacid can be prescribed
for you."
The nurse is performing oral health screenings at a local community center. Which patients are
at higher risk for developing oral cancer? (Select all that apply.)
A) A female who has taken oral contraceptives for the last 4 years
B) An adult male with a history of alcoholism
C) An adult female who eats spicy foods regularly
D) A middle-aged male who smokes a pipe
E) An older adult female who chews gum frequently ------CORRECT ANSWER-----B) An adult
male with a history of alcoholism
D) A middle-aged male who smokes a pipe
Which of the following infections would increase risk for cancer development in the genital
region?
A) Syphilis
B) Chancroid
C) Cytomegalovirus
D) Human papillomavirus ------CORRECT ANSWER-----D) Human papillomavirus
Which of the following applies to benign prostatic hypertrophy?
A) The tumor usually becomes malignant in time.
B) The gland becomes small, nodular, and firm.
C) Manifestations include hesitancy, dribbling, and frequency.
D) Lower abdominal or pelvic pain develops. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----C) Manifestations
include hesitancy, dribbling, and frequency.
Which of the following are common early significant signs of acute prostatitis?
A) A hard nodule in the gland and pelvic pain
B) Soft, tender, enlarged gland and dysuria
C) Hesitancy and increased urinary output
D) Mild fever, vomiting, and leucopenia ------CORRECT ANSWER-----B) Soft, tender, enlarged
gland and dysuria
When assessing a woman with possible gonorrhea in the public health clinic, the nurse learns
that the patient has the following symptoms. Which symptom is of most concern?
A) Odorous vaginal discharge
B) Abdominal tenderness
C) Painful urination
D) Anal itching ------CORRECT ANSWER-----B) Abdominal tenderness
The nurse is conducting a teaching plan for the client with gonorrhea. Which statement does
the nurse include?
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A) "You are only infectious if the lesions are draining."
B) "You are contagious even if you have no outward symptoms."
C) "You will require close follow-up because treatment failure is common."
D) "You are restricted from engaging in sexual activity until your blood tests are negative. ------
CORRECT ANSWER-----B) "You are contagious even if you have no outward symptoms."
Which statement made by the patient who has recently had a mammogram indicates a need
for clarification regarding the importance or purpose of this procedure?
A) "Now that I have had a mammogram, my risk for getting breast cancer is reduced."
B) "Now that I've had a mammogram, I will still do a breast self-examination monthly."
C) "Yearly mammograms can reduce my risk of dying from breast cancer."
D) "The amount of radiation exposure from a mammogram is very low." ------CORRECT
ANSWER-----A) "Now that I have had a mammogram, my risk for getting breast cancer is
reduced."
The nurse is teaching a local women's group about health promotion and maintenance
measures for prevention of gynecologic cancers. Which preventive factors should the nurse
stress? (Select all that apply.)
A) Annual endometrial biopsy
B) Annual HPV vaccination
C) Annual Pap test and cervical examination
D) Safe sex
E) Well-balanced diet ------CORRECT ANSWER-----C) Annual Pap test and cervical examination
E) Well-balanced diet
Which sexually transmitted diseases are vaginal infections? (Select all that apply.)
A) Chlamydia
B) Epididymitis
C) Gonorrhea
D) Syphilis
E) Proctitis ------CORRECT ANSWER-----A) Chlamydia
C) Gonorrhea
A patient with diabetes has retinopathy, nephropathy, and peripheral neuropathy. What should
the nurse teach this patient about exercise?
A) "The type of exercise that would most efficiently help you to lose weight, decrease insulin
requirements, and maintain cardiovascular health would be jogging for 20 minutes 4 to 7 days
each week."
B) "Considering the complications you already have, vigorous exercise for 1 hour every day is
needed to prevent progression of disease."
C) "Considering the complications you already have, you should avoid engaging in any form of
exercise."
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