2024 Computer Networking Exam Update Latest Actual Exam 2024 Questions and Correct Answers AGraded LAN (Local Area Network) -ANSWER --A network that covers a small geographical area located on one site such as a school. -All the hardware for it is owned by the organisation that uses it. -Either wired with Ethernet cables or wireless using WiFi. Advantages of using a LAN -ANSWER --Sharing files is easier as network users can access the same files, work on them at the same time and copy files between machines. -Hardware such as printers can be shared. -The Internet connection can be shared between every device connected. -You can update and install software on al l computers at once. -You can communicate with users easily and cheaply. -User accounts can be stored centrally so users can log in from any device on the network. WAN (Wide Area Network) -ANSWER --Connects LANs that are in different geographical locations such as a business with offices in different places. -Is more expensive than a LAN because the users have to hire infrastructure (e.g. communication lines) from telecommunications companies who own and manage the WAN. -They may be connected using fibre or copper telephone lines, satellite links or radio links. -The Internet is one big WAN. Factors affecting network performance -ANSWER --bandwidth -wired or wireless connection -range of the device -interference from other devices -physical obstructions e .g. thick walls -choice of hardware -network topology Bandwidth -ANSWER -The amount of data that can be transferred in a given time, measured in Mbps (megabits per second). How does bandwidth affect network performance? -ANSWER --The greater the bandwidth, the better the network performance. -The available bandwidth is shared between the users of the network - too many users or heavy use (e.g. streaming video) may cause conges tion and slow the network. -You can limit the bandwidth available to individual users to prevent this. Why use wired connections? -ANSWER -They are generally faster and more reliable than wireless. Why use fibre optic cables? -ANSWER -They can give much be tter performance than copper cables. What affects wireless connections? -ANSWER -Signal quality: -range of the device -interference from other devices -physical obstructions e.g. thick walls NIC (Network Interface Controller) -ANSWER -An internal piece of hardware that allows a device to connect to a network. Switches -ANSWER -Connect devices on a LAN. They receive data from one device and transmit this data to the device on the network with the correct MAC address. Routers -ANSWER -Transmit data between n etworks. They are used in homes and offices to connect the LAN to the Internet. Ethernet Cables -ANSWER -Cables used to connect devices in a LAN. Fibre Optic Cables -ANSWER -Cables that transmit data as light. This makes them high performance, able to tran smit over long distances without losing signal quality, unlikely to suffer interference but also expensive. Wireless Networks -ANSWER --networks that don't require cables -data is transmitted using radio waves -requires a WAP WAP -ANSWER --a Wireless Access Point -basically a switch that allows devices to connect wirelessly. Wireless Capability -ANSWER -What devices need to be able to connect to a wireless network. Dongle -ANSWER -A small piece of hardware that allows a device t o connect to a device wirelessly. USB dongle -ANSWER -A piece of hardware that plugs into computers to connect them wirelessly to the internet. HDMI dongle -ANSWER -A piece of hardware that can use wireless networks to stream high quality video to a TV. Wi-Fi -ANSWER --uses two radio frequency bands: 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz. -the bands are split into numbered channels that each cover a small frequency range. -the channels in the 2.4 GHz band overlap. WPA -ANSWER -Wi-Fi Protected Access Factors affecting Wi -Fi performance. -ANSWER --interference between networks using adjacent channels. -the frequency band that a network uses. Advantages of 2.4 GHz -ANSWER --has a greater range so can serve devices across a wider area. -better at getting through solid objects and walls. Advantages of 5 GHz -ANSWER --much faster when communicating over a short distance. -there are more non -overlapping channels so there is less chance of interference from other devices. Client -server network -ANSWER --a network managed by a server. -the devices connected to the server are clients. -files and software are usually stored centrally on the server rather than on individual client devices. -clients send requests to the server e.g. asking for data. The server processes the request and res ponds. This is the client -server relationship. -the server stores user profiles, passwords and access information.
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