When a patient has aortic regurgitation what is the equation for calculating left
ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP)?
Ans- LVEDP= Diastolic BP- end diastolic AR gradient
Common associated defects with ventricular septal defect
Ans- pulmonic stenosis with VSDs
Common associated defects...
When a patient has aortic regurgitation what is the equation for calculating left
ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP)?
Ans- LVEDP= Diastolic BP- end diastolic AR gradient
Common associated defects with ventricular septal defect
Ans- pulmonic stenosis with VSDs
Common associated defects with sinus venous atrial septal defect
Ans- Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return with sinus venosus ASDs
Common associated defects with Epstein's anomaly
Ans- Secundum ASDs with Ebstein's anomaly
,Common associated defects with bicuspid aortic valve
Ans- Coarctation of the aorta
How do you assess the right atrial pressure based on the size and collapsibility
of the inferior vena cava
Ans- 3mmHg= IVC <2cm & collapses >50%
8mmHg= IVC >2cm & collapses >50%
15mmHg= IVC >2CM & collapses <50%
what is the valve of the coronary sinus
Ans- Thesbian valve
In which chamber would you see a chair network
Ans- seen in the right atrium as fine strands of tissue similar to chord of the
mitral and tricuspid valves
,when is the left ventricular volume the largest
Ans- end diastole
when is the left atrium volume the largest
Ans- end systole
what is the dimensionless index for evaluating aortic stenosis
Ans- represents the ratio of the LV outflow tract (LVOT) time-velocity
integral to that of the peak velocity of the aortic valve jet
difference between aortic valve area measurement and the dimensionless index
Ans- DI does not require the calculation of LVOT cross-sectional area, a major
cause of erroneous assessment and underestimation of AVA.
peak velocity (m/s) for mild aortic stenosis
Ans- <3.0
, peak velocity (m/s) for moderate aortic stenosis
Ans- 3.0-4.0
peak velocity (m/s) for severe aortic stenosis
Ans- 4.0 or greater
mean gradient (mmHg) for mild aortic stenosis
Ans- <20
mean gradient (mmHg) for moderate aortic stenosis
Ans- 20-40
mean gradient (mmHg) for severe aortic stenosis
Ans- greater or equal to 40
AVA (cm^2) for mild aortic stenosis
Ans- >1.5
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