CSD 333 Exam 1 || Verified questions with 100% correct
answers.
Language Aquisition correct answers A process that we understand scientifically; most
children can master any language they are exposed to
What must children learn during their development of oral language? correct answers 1.) The
sounds of phonemes in their language
2.) The words in their language
3.) The rules for stringing sounds together to make related words
4.) That the same sound can have different functions in the language
5.) How words fit together to form a grammatical sentence and how parts of a sentence can
be swapped out to form new sentences. And parts of speech
6.) Pragmatics and social context
In learning the grammar of a language, kids implicitly learn that correct answers The order of
words matter
How do kids learn grammar? correct answers They just generally absorb the rules of
grammar through exposure
When kids learn pragmatics and social context, what are they learning? correct answers What
is appropriate to say in a specific social situation or context
Social conventions (please and thank you, verbal and non-verbal cues, etc.)
Tone/pitch of what you are saying
What do we mean by language? correct answers 1.) A system of symbols, a kind of code for
conveying meaning
2.) Shared by members of a culture or community
3.) A tool for human communication
Morphemes correct answers The symbolic building blocks of meaning; the smallest units of
language that carry meaning
Free Morphemes correct answers A morpheme that can stand alone as words in a sentence
Bound Morphemes correct answers A morpheme that has to be bound to another word unit to
get into a grammatical sentence.
It cannot stand on its own in a sentence
Referent correct answers The aspect of the world which a word refers to. (A four legged
animal that purrs is the referent to a cat)
What makes the human species unique? correct answers Our innate and specialized capacity
to use language as a tool to communicate
Higher Level Language Skills correct answers When we use language for cognitive acts like
reasoning, planning, problem solving, and memorization
,Modularity correct answers Refers to how the mind is organized within the structures of the
brain.
Regions of the brain that process specific types of information
The different theories concerning how the structures of the brain organized to support
language differ in the extent to which they hold that.... correct answers The modules of the
brain are domain specific
Domain specific correct answers They process only very specific types of information.
According to this view, the domain specific faculties are connected up to one another but they
are devoted specifically to processing language information
Domain General correct answers Supposedly handles general tasks like memory and
reasoning, that is, tasks that are not specific to language, but rather are needed generally for
cognition and problem solving
Language is processed by a general neural network
On one side of language debate has been those theorists that assume that the domain-
specificity of language is correct answers Handled by faculties that are devoted specifically to
language
Theorists who believe in domain specificity correct answers Tend to emphasize that the parts
of the brain devoted to processing language are distinct from the generalized areas that don't
handle language but which handle general thinking and reasoning
Speech correct answers The neuromuscular activity of speaking.
Involves turning language into a sound signal that is generally transmitted through the air to
the ear
Hearing involves correct answers The reception of sound by the ear and the transmission of
this sound via the sensory system of the brain
People generally produce speech to correct answers Convey a linguistic message
Speech involves correct answers Precise muscular coordination among several anatomical
systems of
Respiration
Phonation
Resonation
Articulation
Respiration correct answers Breathing
Phonation correct answers The movements of vocal cords for purposes of producing sounds
at the right time during speech
Resonation correct answers Movement changing the nature of airflow through oral, nasal, and
pharyngeal spaces in the head
Articulation correct answers Movements of the jaw, tongue, and lips for speech
,The process of speech correct answers Begins with a linguistic thought
The brain sends signal to body
The energy to produce speech comes from breathing during respiration
As the muscles of the chest cavity relax, the lungs shrink in volume and air begins traveling
up the trachea
The physical act of producing speech is by the larynx.
As air travels between the vocal folds if they're positioned just right, they will begin to
vibrate producing sound.
The sound wave produced by vibrating vocal folds travels up through the pharynx
From that point the airflow can either enter the out the mouth or out the nose
This effects resonation
Depending on position of the jaw, teeth, tongue, and lips, there will be a big difference for
how the speech sounds.
Larynx correct answers Made of some cartilages along the trachea.
Within the larynx are the vocal cords.
Pharynx correct answers The back of the throat
During speech, the sound wave travels through the pharynx
In the ear, to hear the word... correct answers The sound wave creates vibrations in the hair
cells in the inner ear
This causes electrical pulses to be sent to the brain
Why is speech not the same as language? correct answers There are plenty of examples
where someone can have a complete intact system of language, yet lack the appropriate
mechanisms for successful communication of speech that can be understood
Examples of cases where language is intact, but speech is impaired correct answers Cerebral
Palsy
Locked in Syndrome
Examples of cases where speech is intact by language is impaired correct answers Wernicke's
aphasia
Wernicke's Aphasia correct answers Results from damage to the area of the brain known as
Wernicke's area
The speech of those with Wernicke's aphasia sounds fine and good. They have intact word
order (syntax), as well as normal intonation and delivery
What they say, however, makes no sense.
Symbolic Communication correct answers Involves an arbitrary between a symbol like a a
word and a specific entity being referred to.
The symbol can be understood without reference to a specific time or place.
The word is a symbol that can be understood without a whole lot of contextualizing
information
, Pre-Intentional Communication correct answers There is intent, but the referent is not clear
from the situation in which the communicative intent occurred, and the meaning must be
guessed.
There may be some intent behind the communication, but the intended meaning is not clear
from the context.
Intentional Communication correct answers The intended referent of the communicative
intent is clear from the context, from the space and time in which the action occurred.
Iconic Attempts of Communication correct answers Gestures where the meaning of which
can be interpreted with respect to the time and place in which the gesture and/or the verbal or
non-verbal communicative act occurred.
Components of Communication correct answers 1.) Some human sender formulates a
linguistic thought and then sends and transmits it through some shared symbolic means to a
receiver
2.) The shared means and the receiver are each both separate critical aspects of this model of
communication
3.) The shared symbolic means of communicating can be speech, gesture, signs, or, when the
sender gets a little older, it can be writing.
4.) Feedback
Feedback correct answers Information provided by the receiver to the sender
Different types of Feedback correct answers Linguistic Feedback
Non-linguistic or extra-linguistic feedback
Paralinguistic Feedback
Linguistic Feedback correct answers Feedback via spoken sounds and phrases
Non-Linguistic or Extra-Linguistic Feedback correct answers Non-verbal cues such as facial
expressions, posture, eye contact (or lack thereof)
Paralinguistic Feedback correct answers The pitch, timing, loudness cues.
These cues can often be highly informative concerning the receiver's thoughts about the
sender's message.
In order for communication to be effective, the parties in the conversation need to correct
answers Prevent communication breakdown
Minor Communication Breakdowns correct answers When a word is misheard and corrected
Serious Communication Breakdowns correct answers Occur when receivers don't provide
enough feedback or senders don't pay attention to the feedback
Purposes of Communication correct answers 1.) Instrumental
2.) Regulatory
3.) Interactional
4.) Personal
5.) Heuristic
