1st wave (s) - right to vote and own property
*Black women in southern states could not vote until the late 60s
2nd wave (1960s-1980s) - sexuality, workplace, reproductive rights, domestic violence, marital
rape, custody/divorce issues
3rd wave (1990s-2008) - expanded feminism to be more inclus...
3rd wave (1990s-2008) - expanded feminism to be more inclusive of various identities, particularly
embracing queer and non-white women
4th wave (2008-present) - incorporates technology/ social media, increased focused
intersectionality and inclusion of trans people, rejection of the term "woman" and binary systems, sex
work acceptance
cultural feminism - focuses on differences among men and women. Female traits should be
valued/ honored but are devalued
eco feminism - patriarchal systems encourage/ reward the exploitation of natural resources with
little regard to long-term consequences
female genital circumcision FGC - Rite of passage, Initiation into womanhood and marriage
-Many say mutilation intended to dull women's sexual enjoyment; "purifies them," "more docile and
obedient" for marriage
female genital mutilation FGM - People opposed to this practice believe its important to not force
children unable to consent to do this practice but to wait until they are older and can choose whether
they would like to engage in the cultural practice
global feminism - prejudice/discrimination against women occurs and is related across cultures
, global north - represents economically developed societies
ex: USA, Europe, Canada
global south - represents less economically developed nations
ex: 3rd world countries
How did men viewing commercials where women were sexually objectified affect their sexist
behavior/sexist stereotypes? - Men who saw them objectified more likely to recognize negative
female stereotype words (bimbo)
When asked to interview female applicants for a job, those same men rated the women as less
competent and remembered less about her resume and more about her appearance
How did Western media globalization affect the island of Fiji? - the emergence of TV may have
impacted the girls of Fiji in terms of how they feel about their bodies
-led to a high number of girls dieting/ developing eating disorders
In what ways is sexualized violence in the media relevant? - Images in the mass media repeatedly
reinforce the idea that sexualized violence against women is both sexy and legitimate.
In what ways is the targeted focus on marriage equality both important and potentially problematic for
the LGB community? - Many activists believe the fight for marriage equality is a privileged one
and ignores more pressing issues:
-Poverty, healthcare, lack of employment, affordable housing, LGBTQ homeless youth (LGBTQ homeless
youth comprise 20-40% of homeless youth population)*
LGBTQ people of color higher risk for targets of violence
Employee Non-Discrimination laws are important steps, but very difficult to implement. Many
"protected" groups are still not hired
LGBTQ movement in America has been criticized of being a white movement, and issues important to
people of color not as prevalent. HRC criticized specifically, as well as others
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